Bailleul (French pronunciation: [bajœl] ^ⓘ; Belle in Dutch) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.^[3] It is located in French Flanders, 3 km (2 mi) from the Belgian border and 26 km (16 mi) northwest of Lille.

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Bailleul Belle
Commune
Market place and belfry of Bailleul
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Bailleul
Bailleul Show map of France Bailleul Show map of Hauts-de-France
Coordinates: 50°44′21″N 2°44′00″E
Country	France
Region	Hauts-de-France
Department	Nord
Arrondissement	Dunkerque
Canton	Bailleul
Intercommunality	CC Flandre Intérieure
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Antony Gautier[1]
Area 1	43.42 km2 (16.76 sq mi)
Population  (2021)[2]	14,869
• Density	340/km2 (890/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	59043 /59270
Elevation	14–86 m (46–282 ft) (avg. 44 m or 144 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

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Bailleul is the birthplace of French filmmaker Bruno Dumont and served as the setting for his first two feature films. This area is also a setting in the Timothy Findley book The Wars.

The city hall and belfry of Bailleul was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2005 as part of the Belfries of Belgium and France site, in recognition of their importance in the rise of municipal power in Europe.^[6]

The Jardin des Plantes Sauvages du Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul is a botanical garden of protected plants. Over 850 species of native plants are found in the garden.

In 1526, Flanders fell to the Spanish Netherlands by the Treaty of Madrid. Under the reign of Philip II, the first religious problems arose between Flanders and Spain.

In the 17th century, Flanders was a permanent battlefield. Louis XIV reconquered Flanders. As a result, Bailleul reverted to France in 1678.

With the Treaty of Utrecht, Flanders and with it Bailleul fell to Austria in 1713, before both finally passed to France in 1745 after the Battle of Fontenoy and the Treaty of Aachen. Numerous fires marked the history of the city.

From the 17th to the 19th century, the bobbin lace craft developed in Bailleul. (La Maison de la Dentelle bobbin lace museum), a craft for which the town is still known far beyond its borders.

During First World War, the area around Bailleul was at times heavily affected by the heavy fighting that German and Allied troops engaged in around the nearby Belgian town of Ypres. When German troops used chlorine gas against the Allied troops near Wulverghem (municipality of Heuvelland, Belgium) on 30 April 1916 over a front length of 3.2 kilometres, the resulting toxic gas cloud extended as far as Bailleul. During the German Spring Offensive in Operation Georgette from 13 April 1918, Bailleul with its old Flemish Town Centre was more than 90 percent destroyed. After the severe destruction of the First World War, the town was rebuilt in the Neo-Flemish style during the 20th century. A typical example of the architectural style, which was widespread throughout Flanders, is the town hall of 1932 with its bell tower.

Bailleul has a railway station on the line from Lille to Calais and Dunkirk.

Bailleul is twinned with:^[7]

• Werne, Germany, since 1967
• Hawick, Scotland, United Kingdom, since 1973
• Izegem, Belgium, since 1992
• Kyritz, Germany, since 2012
• Wałcz, Poland, since 2015

• Edmond de Coussemaker
• Pharaon de Winter, painter
• Marguerite Yourcenar, academic
• Jean Delobel, politician
• Michel Delebarre, politician
• Bruno Dumont, director and filmmaker
• Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem, Biologist and botanist born in Bailleul in 1839
• Jean-Luc Samyn, jockey in American thoroughbred racing

• Communes of the Nord department
• French Flanders