Bamburgh

Bamburgh

Bamburgh

Human settlement in England

For the town in Germany, see Bamberg.

Bamburgh (/ˈbæmbərə/ BAM-bər-ə) is a village and civil parish on the coast of Northumberland, England. It had a population of 454 in 2001,[3] decreasing to 414 at the 2011 census.[4]

Quick Facts Population, OS grid reference ...

Bamburgh was the centre of an independent north Northumbrian territory between 867 and 954. Bamburgh Castle was built by the Normans on the site of an Anglo-Saxon fort. The Victorian era heroine Grace Darling is buried there.

The extensive beach by the village was awarded the Blue Flag rural beach award in 2005. The Bamburgh Dunes, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, stand behind the beach. Bamburgh is popular with holidaymakers and is within the Northumberland Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

History

The site now occupied by Bamburgh Castle was previously home to a fort of the Celtic Britons known as Din Guarie[5] and may have been the capital of the kingdom of Bernicia, the realm of the Gododdin people,[6] from the realm's foundation in c. 420 until 547, the year of the first written reference to the castle. In that year, the citadel was captured by the Anglo-Saxon ruler Ida of Bernicia (Beornice) and became Ida's seat.[7] The Anglo-Saxons called the place Bebbanburh, meaning "Queen Bebba's stronghold";[8] this was later corrupted into the modern "Bamburgh". Aidan of Lindisfarne came to this area from the monastery of Iona in 635 on behalf of King Oswald of Northumbria.

Following the defeat of Northumbrian forces by the Viking Great Heathen Army, at York in 867, the Kingdom of Northumbria disintegrated. Southern Northumbria became the Viking-ruled Kingdom of York, while north remained under Anglo-Saxon control under the high reeves of Bamburgh. The territory finally became part of the Kingdom of England in 954.

The late medieval village began to develop near the castle.[9] During the Dissolution of the Monasteries the property of the friars, including the castle, was seized on behalf of Henry VIII.[10]

Late medieval British author Thomas Malory identified Bamburgh Castle with Joyous Gard, the mythical castle home of Sir Lancelot in Arthurian legend.[11]

St Aidan's Church

St Aidan's Church, Bamburgh

According to Bede, St Aidan built a wooden church outside the castle wall in AD 635, and he died here in AD 652. A wooden beam preserved inside the church is traditionally said to be the one on which he rested as he died.[12] The present church dates from the late 12th century, though some pre-conquest stonework survives in the north aisle. The chancel, said to be the second-longest in the country (60 ft; 18 m), was added in 1230; it contains an 1895 reredos in Caen stone by W.S. Hicks, depicting northern saints of the 7th and 8th centuries. There is an effigy of local heroine Grace Darling in the north aisle. This formed part of the original monument to Grace Darling but was removed due to weathering of the stonework. Her memorial is sited in the churchyard in such a position that passing ships can see it.[13]

The property has been Grade I listed since December 1969. The listing summary includes this description:[14]

"Parish church. C12, C13 and C14. Restored 1830 and later C19. Squared stone and ashlar; chancel and north transept have stone slate roofs; other roofs not visible. West tower, nave, aisles, transepts and chancel".

After the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the mid-1500s, the monks were forced to leave and St Aidan's became the parish church for the village. Over the subsequent centuries there were major repairs and restorations.[15][16] The church's crypt holds the remains of 110 individuals who died in the 7th and 8th centuries; they had initially been buried in the castle's Bowl Hole graveyard. The remains were found during a project between 1998 and 2007. In 2016, they were moved into the crypt. Since November 2019, the crypt can be viewed by visitors through a small gate.[17]

Governance

An electoral ward of the same name exists. This ward includes Belford and also stretches south to Ellingham with a total population taken at the 2011 census of 4,846.[18]

Bamburgh Castle, under its Saxon name Bebbanburg, is the ancestral home of Uhtred, the main character in Bernard Cornwell's historical 13-novel series The Saxon Stories,[19] published 2004–2020, which was made into the BBC and Netflix five-season series The Last Kingdom 2015–2022.

Bamburgh is also featured in the open-world video game series Forza Horizon 4 released in October 2018.

Additionally, Bamburgh is featured in the Realtime Strategy video game Ancestors Legacy released in 2018.

Notable people

  • Bamburgh village and surroundings
  • Bamburgh seen from the castle
  • Grace Darling memorial in the churchyard
  • The Grace Darling Museum, opposite the church
  • Crossroads in the village, looking towards the castle
  • Beach and castle, looking south
  • A map of Bamburgh from 1947

Bamburgh Lighthouse

Main article: Bamburgh Lighthouse

See also

References

  1. [1]
    "Bamburgh Parish Council Website". Bamburgh Parish Council. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  2. [2]
    "Northumberland County Council Website". Northumberland County Council. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  3. [3]
    Neighbourhood Statistics. "Census 2001". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
  4. [4]
    "Parish population 2011". Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  5. [5]
    "Bernaccia (Bryneich / Berneich)". The History Files. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  6. [6]
    'An English empire: Bede and the early Anglo-Saxon kings' by N. J. Higham, Manchester University Press ND, 1995, ISBN 0-7190-4423-5, ISBN 978-0-7190-4423-6
  7. [7]
    The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, entry for 547.
  8. [8]
    Mills, David (2011). A Dictionary of British Place Names. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960908-6.
  9. [9]
    BAMBURGH HISTORY
  10. [10]
    Skulldugerous Knight Sir John Forster
  11. [11]
    Black, Joseph (2016). The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: Concise Volume A - Third Edition. Broadview. p. 536. ISBN 978-1554813124.
  12. [12]
    "St Aidan, Bamburgh". Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  13. [13]
    Purves, Churches of Newcastle and Northumberland, Tempus, Stroud, 2006
  14. [14]
    CHURCH OF ST AIDAN
  15. [15]
    St Aidan's Church
  16. [16]
    "St Aidans Searching the Past". Archived from the original on 15 September 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  17. [17]
    Bamburgh crypt project celebrates area’s heritage
  18. [18]
    "Parish Population 2011". Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  19. [19]
    "The Last Kingdom Series | Series | Bernard Cornwell". www.bernardcornwell.net. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
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