This is a demography of the population of Bhutan including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

The Royal Government of Bhutan listed the country's population as 752,700 in 2003.^[1]

The Bhutanese numbers can be reconstructed from their 9th Five Year Plan documents,^[2] which lists the exact number of households in each gewog. If the Bhutanese refugee advocate groups are correct, a spot check of a southern gewog should show a massive under-reporting of population.^{[citation needed]}

The CIA World Fact book number has since been adjusted with a note of former inconsistencies, and attributes the difference to the government not including the "first modern census of Bhutan, conducted in 2005".^[1] In the 1970s Bhutan was one of the most isolated countries in the world and nobody knew how many people lived there since no census had ever been taken.

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

708,427 (July 2011 est.)

716,896 (July 2012 est.)

750,125 (July 2016 est.)^[3]

Below is a table of Bhutan vital statistics since 1950 published by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.^[8]

• Ngalop people and Sharchop people 63%
• Lhotsampas (also known as Nepalis) 22%
• Indigenous or migrant ethnic groups 15%^[1]

Buddhism 84.3%

Hinduism 11.3%

Other 4.4%

^[1]

Tshangla (sometimes referred to as Sharchopkha) 28%

Dzongkha (official) 24%

Nepali (locally referred as Lhotshamkha) 22%

Other 26%

^[1]