Biled
Biled
Commune in Timiș, Romania
Biled (Hungarian: Billéd; German: Billed) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Biled. It also included two other villages until 2004, when they were split off to form the commune of Șandra.
Biled | |
|---|---|
Roman Catholic church in Biled | |
Location in Timiș County | |
| Coordinates: 45°53′N 20°58′E | |
| Country | Romania |
| County | Timiș |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2024) | Ovidiu Oprișa[1] (PNL) |
| Area | 55.11 km2 (21.28 sq mi) |
| Population (2021-12-01)[3] | 3,031 |
| • Density | 55/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3) |
| Postal code | 307060 |
| Vehicle reg. | TM |
| Website | primaria-biled |
Biled is located in the Banat Plain, in the western part of Timiș County, 27 km (17 mi) northwest of Timișoara on DN6.
Climate
Like most of Timiș County, the climate is continental. The climate gets Mediterranean influences from the south. It has a temperate character (the annual mean temperature being 10.5 °C or 50.9 °F), with hot summers, not-too-cold winters, quite early springs and sometimes very long autumns.[4] The average annual rainfall is 520 mm (20 in), with variations from 350 to 730 mm (14 to 29 in).[4] Most precipitation falls during spring–summer in May–August, with torrential rains accompanied by hail. The dominant wind is the austru, a dry wind from the south, which blows almost all year round.[4]
Flora and fauna
The dominant vegetation is grassy. Trees are mainly represented by black locusts, mulberries and poplars, and shrubs by blackthorn and hawthorn. The most common weeds, many of them harmful to agricultural crops, are thistles, blackberries, cornflowers, poppies, oraches, and lately sorghum has spread.[4]
Regarding the fauna, this area is suitable for hares, sousliks, hamsters, steppe polecats, and among the bird species can be mentioned the quail, the partridge, the skylark, the pheasant and the starling.[4]
Biled was first documented in 1462 (Bylyed) as belonging to nobleman Nicolae of Beregsău,[5] but it is probably older. A treasure consisting of about 2,000 coins of bronze, silver and gold issued from Trajan to Constantine the Great was discovered in 1847. The treasure is preserved in the Numismatic Cabinet of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Also here were found the vestiges of several Daco-Roman settlements dating from the 3rd–4th centuries.
In 1562 Biled became royal property, being donated by King Ferdinand I to chatelaine László Kerecsényi.[6] Biled received the status of urban settlement in 1609, allowing it to host monthly and annual fairs.[6] It became deserted during the Ottoman occupation.[6] Towards the end of the 17th century, a Serbian population under the guidance of Patriarch Arsenie Csernovici settled in Biled. The German colonization took place in a first stage in 1765 and in a second stage between 1768 and 1775. By 1786 Biled had the status of urban settlement.[4] The church was built in the same year.[4]
Biled had a population of 3,294 inhabitants at the 2011 census, down 6% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants are Romanians (83.12%), larger minorities being represented by Roma (4.1%), Hungarians (3.7%) and Germans (2.58%). For 6.16% of the population, ethnicity is unknown.[7] By religion, most inhabitants are Orthodox (77.66%), but there are also minorities of Roman Catholics (10.26%) and Pentecostals (3.43%). For 6.41% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.[8]
| Census[9] | Ethnic composition | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Population | Romanians | Hungarians | Germans | Roma |
| 1880 | 4,767 | 63 | 65 | 4,627 | – |
| 1890 | 4,978 | 44 | 80 | 4,816 | – |
| 1900 | 4,566 | 49 | 159 | 4,323 | – |
| 1910 | 3,951 | 105 | 159 | 3,608 | 72 |
| 1920 | 3,861 | 73 | 81 | 3,646 | – |
| 1930 | 3,791 | 97 | 103 | 3,431 | 127 |
| 1941 | 3,983 | 586 | 220 | 3,008 | – |
| 1956 | 4,254 | – | – | – | – |
| 1966 | 4,684 | 2,117 | 186 | 2,243 | 103 |
| 1977 | 4,512 | 2,302 | 151 | 1,918 | 118 |
| 1992 | 3,458 | 2,831 | 218 | 251 | 139 |
| 2002 | 3,515 | 3,025 | 164 | 124 | 181 |
| 2011 | 3,294 | 2,738 | 122 | 85 | 135 |
- "Results of the 2020 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- "Primăria Biled". Ghidul Primăriilor.
- "Strategia de dezvoltare economico-socială" (PDF). Primăria comunei Biled. 2014.
- Szabó, M. Attila (2003). Erdély, Bánság és Partium történeti és közigazgatási helységnévtára. Miercurea Ciuc: Pro-Print Kiadó.
- "Fișa Primăriei comunei Biled". Consiliul Județean Timiș.
- "Tab8. Populația stabilă după etnie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune". Institutul Național de Statistică. Archived from the original on 2016-01-18. Retrieved 2021-09-05.
- "Tab13. Populația stabilă după religie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune". Institutul Național de Statistică. Archived from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2021-09-05.
- Varga, E. Árpád. "Temes megye településeinek etnikai (anyanyelvi/nemzetiségi) adatai 1880-2002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-10. Retrieved 2021-09-10.