Bismuth-211

Isotopes of bismuth

Isotopes of bismuth

Nuclides with atomic number of 83 but with different mass numbers

Bismuth (83Bi) has 41 known isotopes, ranging from 184Bi to 224Bi. Bismuth has no stable isotopes, but does have one very long-lived isotope; thus, the standard atomic weight can be given as 208.98040(1). Although bismuth-209 is now known to be radioactive, it has classically been considered to be a stable isotope because it has a half-life of approximately 2.01×1019 years, which is more than a billion times the age of the universe. Besides 209Bi, the most stable bismuth radioisotopes are 210mBi with a half-life of 3.04 million years, 208Bi with a half-life of 368,000 years and 207Bi, with a half-life of 32.9 years, none of which occurs in nature. All other isotopes have half-lives under 1 year, most under a day. Of naturally occurring radioisotopes, the most stable is radiogenic 210Bi with a half-life of 5.012 days. 210mBi is unusual for being a nuclear isomer with a half-life multiple orders of magnitude longer than that of the ground state.

Quick Facts Main isotopes, Decay ...

List of isotopes

More information Nuclide, Historic name ...
  1. [n 1]
    mBi – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. [n 2]
    ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. [n 3]
    # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. [n 4]
    Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
  5. [n 5]
    Modes of decay:
    EC:Electron capture
    IT:Isomeric transition
    p:Proton emission
  6. [n 6]
    Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  7. [n 7]
    ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  8. [n 8]
    # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  9. [n 9]
    Formerly believed to be final decay product of 4n+1 decay chain
  10. [N 10]
    Primordial radioisotope, also some is radiogenic from the extinct nuclide 237Np
  11. [N 11]
    Formerly believed to be the heaviest stable nuclide
  12. [N 12]
    Intermediate decay product of 238U
  13. [N 13]
    Intermediate decay product of 235U
  14. [N 14]
    Intermediate decay product of 232Th
  15. [N 15]
    Used in medicine such as for cancer treatment.
  16. [N 16]
    A byproduct of thorium reactors via 233U.
  17. [N 17]
    Intermediate decay product of 237Np

Bismuth-213

Bismuth-213 (213Bi) has a half-life of 45 minutes and decays via alpha emission. Commercially, bismuth-213 can be produced by bombarding radium with bremsstrahlung photons from a linear particle accelerator, which populates its progenitor actinium-225. In 1997, an antibody conjugate with 213Bi was used to treat patients with leukemia. This isotope has also been tried in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) program to treat a variety of cancers.[8] Bismuth-213 is also found in the decay chain of uranium-233, which is the fuel bred by thorium reactors.

References

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  3. [3]
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  6. [6]
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    Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (1 March 2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties *". Chinese Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics. 45 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2021ChPhC..45c0001K. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. ISSN 1674-1137. OSTI 1774641. S2CID 233794940.
  8. [8]
    Imam, S (2001). "Advancements in cancer therapy with alpha-emitters: a review". International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 51 (1): 271–278. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01585-1. PMID 11516878.
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