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The Diet meeting in 1564 in the presence of Emperor Maximilian II
In 1471, the Bohemian estates elected the JagiellonVladislav II as their king. In 1500, the Land Assembly approved the Vladislav Land Establishment, named after the king, which gave the Bohemian noblemen an extensive share in political co-decision and is also considered to be the oldest written Czech constitution.
The chairman of the assembly was called the Supreme Burgrave (Czech: Nejvyšší purkrabí,German: Oberstburggraf ). He led talks with eight jurors appointed by the assembly, two from each state.[2]
After the defeat of the Bohemian estates in the Battle of White Mountain, Ferdinand II would proclaim in 1627 for Bohemia and 1628 for Moravia the Renewed Regional Code, in which the monopoly position of the states was abolished in favour of the provincial government. Despite these limitations, the Diet and its committees, like the Diets in Austria, remained an effective means of political co-decision. In their meetings, usually once a year, the estates could, through the amount of taxes, resist the lords of the land. All direct and indirect taxes, with the exception of the collection of customs duties, remained within the competence of the estates.[3] The Diet was thus a relic of the estate power rather than an absolutist instrument and even by the 1830s, the diet was again a base for organizing the opposition and a place of political friction.[4]
Only during the reign of Maria Theresa was the strong share of estates in power permanently limited.[5]
The diet was, with the exception of 1784–88 under Joseph II, held without interruption until 1848.[6] At the end of its existence in 1848, the diet had 214 members.
Karl Bosl: Bohemia as a paradigm of professional representation from the 14th to the 17th centuries. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Current research problems around the First Czechoslovak Republic. Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 1969, pp. 9-21
This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Bohemian_Diet, and is written by contributors.
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