Boina_Kingdom
The Kingdom of Boina (sometimes known as Iboina) was a traditional state situated in what is now Madagascar.
Kingdom of Boina Fanjakan'Iboina | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1690–1840 | |||||||
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Flag | |||||||
| Status | 1690–1820: Independent state 1820–1832: Tributary state of Imerina 1832–1840: Military occupation | ||||||
| Capital | Boina Bay | ||||||
| Common languages | Malagasy | ||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||
• 1690-1720 | Andriamandisoarivo (first) | ||||||
• 1836–1840 | Tsiomeko (last) | ||||||
| History | |||||||
• Established | 1690 | ||||||
• Occupied by Imerina | 1832 | ||||||
• Annexed by Imerina | 1840 | ||||||
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The kingdom was founded c. 1690 by King Andriamandisoarivo. Andrimandisoarivo was a son of Lahifotsy, the founder of the Sakalava Kingdom, and had that kingdom after a succession dispute for the north, where he founded his own kingdom.[1] It was centered on Boina Bay in north-west Madagascar.
By the 1690s about 500 European pirates had set up bases of operation along the northern coast of Madagascar. Andrianamboniarivo had as his chief minister for a time Tom Similaho whose father was an English pirate and whose mother was a Malagasy woman.[2]
Some time after 1832 it was occupied by Imerina and was annexed by Madagascar in 1840. The last ruler of this kingdom was Queen Tsiomeko.
Boina in the north west and Menabe in the west were the kingdoms sprong[clarification needed] in the 18th century. The king of Boina was considered to be quasi-divine, interceding with god and ancestors. The land belonged to him. In the extreme north of the island the Antankarana kingdom paid tribute to Boina.[3]
The list of rulers of Boina:[4]
- c. 1690-1720 – Andriamandisoarivo (Tsimanata)
- c. 1720-1730 – Andrianamboniarivo (Toakafa)
- c. 1730-1760 – Andriamahatindriarivo
- c. 1760-1767 – Andrianahilitsy
- 1767-1770 – Andrianiveniarivo
- 1770-1771 – Andrianihoatra
- 1771-1777 – Andrianikeniarivo
- 1777-1778 – Andrianaginarivo (f)
- 1778 – Tombola (f)
- c. 1778-1808 – Ravahiny (f)
- 1808-1822? – Tsimalomo
- 1808 – Maka (Andrianaresy) (pretender)
- 1822-1832 – Andriantsoly
- 1828-1829 – Oantitsy (f) - Regent
- 1832-1836 – Oantitsy (f)
- 1836-1840 – Tsiomeko (f)
- Stapleton, Timothy J. (21 October 2013). A Military History of Africa [3 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780313395703. Retrieved 23 September 2017 – via Google Books.
- Stapleton, A Military History, p. 115
- J. D. Fage; John E. Flint; Roland Anthony Oliver (1986). The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1790 to c. 1870, Volume 5. v. p. 396. ISBN 9780521207010.
- Truhart, Peter [in German] (2017-10-23). Regents of Nations / Regenten der Nationen, Part 2, Asia, Australia-Oceania / Asien, Australien-Ozeanien (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 1627–1628. ISBN 978-3-11-161625-4.
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