Bolivian_slaty-antshrike
Bolivian slaty antshrike
Species of bird
The Bolivian slaty antshrike (Thamnophilus sticturus) is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds".[2] It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.[3]
| Bolivian slaty antshrike | |
|---|---|
| Male | |
| Female | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thamnophilidae |
| Genus: | Thamnophilus |
| Species: | T. sticturus |
| Binomial name | |
| Thamnophilus sticturus Pelzeln, 1868 | |
| Synonyms | |
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Thamnophilus punctatus sticturus | |
The Bolivian slaty antshrike was described by the Austrian ornithologist August von Pelzeln in 1868 and given its current binomial name Thamnophilus sticturus.[4] It was later treated as a subspecies of T. punctatus, which was then called the slaty antshrike. Following the results of a study published in 1997, the slaty antshrike was split into six species, of which the Bolivian slaty antshrike is one. To avoid confusion the remnant T. punctatus was given its present name of northern slaty antshrike.[5][6]
The Bolivian slaty antshrike is about 14 cm (5.5 in) long and weighs 18 to 20 g (0.63 to 0.71 oz). Members of genus Thamnophilus are largish members of the antbird family; all have stout bills with a hook like those of true shrikes. This species exhibits significant sexual dimorphism. Adult males have a gray forehead and a black crown. Their back is gray with a few black spots and a hidden white patch between their scapulars. Their face is gray. Their wings, scapulars, and wing coverts are black with white spots and edges. Their tail is black with white tips and spots on the feathers. Their underparts are light gray with much white on the belly. Adult females have a bright reddish-brown crown and yellowish olive-brown upperparts. Their wings are dark brown with white spots and edges on the scapulars and pale buff edges on the flight feathers. Their tail is dark brown with white tips and spots on the feathers. Their underparts are white in the center and light yellowish brown across the breast and on the sides, flanks, and crissum.[7][8]
The Bolivian slaty antshrike is found in the central Bolivian departments of Beni, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz, in adjoining extreme western parts of the Brazilian the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, and in far northern Paraguay's Alto Paraguay department. It inhabits the understorey to mid-storey of dry semi-deciduous forest, gallery forest, larger areas of more humid forest, and secondary forest. In elevation it reaches 600 m (2,000 ft) in Brazil and 950 m (3,100 ft) in Bolivia.[7][8]
Movement
The Bolivian slaty antshrike is presumed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.[7]
Feeding
The diet of the Bolivian slaty antshrike has not been detailed but is assumed to be arthropods. It usually forages singly or in pairs. It usually forages in the understorey to mid-storey, mostly between 1 and 7 m (3 and 23 ft) of the ground. It hops through vegetation, gleaning prey while reaching from a perch; it also makes short upward sallies. It takes prey from leaves, branches, and vines. It is not known to join mixed-species feeding flocks or follow army ant swarms.[7]
Breeding
Nothing is known about the Bolivian slaty antshrike's breeding biology.[7]
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Songs and calls |
Vocalization
The Bolivian slaty antshrike's song is "a series starting slowly and speeding up into rattling trill, rises in frequency and intensity, reaching peak near end of trill, then falls off". Its call is "a 'caw' note" of variable length that sometimes becomes a "harsh, downward inflected growl".[7]
The IUCN has assessed the Bolivian slaty antshrike as being of Least Concern. Its population size and trend are not known. No immediate threats have been identified.[1] It is considered locally fairly common though its range is rather small. "[T]his region lacks large protected areas and has recently come under increased logging pressure."[7]
- BirdLife International (2016). "Bolivian Slaty Antshrike Thamnophilus sticturus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22733341A95058177. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22733341A95058177.en. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2024). "Antbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 14.1. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
- Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 4 March 2024. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved March 5, 2024
- von Pelzeln, August (1868). Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens : Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 (in German and Latin). Vol. 2. Wien: A. Pichler's Witwe & Sohn. pp. 76, 144.
- Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 4 March 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved March 5, 2024
- Isler, M.L., Isler, P.R. and Whitney, B.M. (1997). "Biogeography and systematics of the Thamnophilus punctatus (Thamnophilidae) complex". Pp. 355-381 in "Studies in Neotropical Ornithology Honoring Ted Parker" (J. V. Remsen, Jr., ed.). Ornithological Monographs No. 48.
- Zimmer, K. and M.L. Isler (2020). Bolivian Slaty-Antshrike (Thamnophilus sticturus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.bolsla1.01 retrieved March 27, 2024
- van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 236–237. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.