CIA_Memorial_Wall
CIA Memorial Wall
Memorial to CIA employees
Not to be confused with DIA Memorial Wall.
38.951796°N 77.146586°W / 38.951796; -77.146586
Quick Facts Memorial Wall, Unveiled ...
| Memorial Wall | |
|---|---|
| Central Intelligence Agency | |
The wall with 140 stars in 2023 | |
| For CIA employees who died in the line of service | |
| Unveiled | July 1975 |
| Location | |
| Designed by | Harold Vogel |
"In honor of those members of the Central Intelligence Agency who gave their lives in the service of their country" | |
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The Memorial Wall is a memorial at the Central Intelligence Agency headquarters in Langley, Virginia.[1] It honors 140 CIA employees who died in service to their nation.[2]
The Memorial Wall is located in the Original Headquarters Building lobby on the north wall. There are 140 stars[2] carved into the white Alabama marble wall,[3] each one representing an employee who died in the line of service.[1] Paramilitary Operations Officers (PMOO) of the Special Activities Center comprise the majority of those memorialized.[4]
A black Moroccan goatskin-bound book, called the "Book of Honor", sits in a steel frame beneath the stars, its "slender case jutting out from the wall just below the field of stars", and is "framed in stainless steel and topped by an inch-thick plate of glass."[5] Inside it shows the stars, arranged by year of death and, when possible, lists the names of employees who died in CIA service alongside them.[1][5] The identities of the unnamed stars remain secret, even in death, though many names from the Cold War era have been released or uncovered in recent years.[1] In 1997, there were 70 stars, 29 of which had names.[5] There were 79 stars in 2002,[6] 83 in 2004,[7] 90 in 2009,[8] 107 in 2013,[9] 111 in 2014,[3] 125 in 2017,[10] 129 in 2018,[11] 133 in 2019,[12] 135 in 2020,[13] 137 in 2021,[14] 139 in 2022,[15] and 140 in 2023.[2] Of the 140 entries in the book in 2023, 103 are named, while 37 are not.[16][17] The 37 not named are represented only by a gold star followed by a blank space.[18][19]
The wall bears the inscription "In honor of those members of the Central Intelligence Agency who gave their lives in the service of their country."[5] The wall is flanked by the flag of the United States on the left and a flag bearing the CIA seal on the right.[5]
When new names are added to the Book of Honor, stone carver Tim Johnston of the Carving and Restoration Team in Manassas, Virginia adds a new star to the wall if that person's star is not already present.[1] Johnston learned the process of creating the stars from the original sculptor of the wall, Harold Vogel, who created the first 31 stars[7] and the Memorial Wall inscription when the wall was created in July 1974.[1] Although the wall was "first conceived as a small plaque to recognize those from the CIA who died in Southeast Asia, the idea quickly grew to a memorial for Agency employees who died in the line of duty."[7] The process used by Johnston to add a new star is as follows:
Johnston creates a star by first tracing the new star on the wall using a template. Each star measures 2¼ inches tall by 2¼ inches wide and half an inch deep; all the stars are six inches apart from each other, as are all the rows. Johnston uses both a pneumatic air hammer and a chisel to carve out the traced pattern. After he finishes carving the star, he cleans the dust and sprays the star black, which as the star ages, fades to gray.[1]
The Honor and Merit Awards Board (HMAB) recommends approval of candidates to be listed on the wall to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.[1] The CIA states that
[i]nclusion on the Memorial Wall is awarded posthumously to employees who lose their lives while serving their country in the field of intelligence. Death may occur in the foreign field or in the United States. Death must be of an inspirational or heroic character while in the performance of duty; or as the result of an act of terrorism while in the performance of duty; or as an act of premeditated violence targeted against an employee, motivated solely by that employee's Agency affiliation; or in the performance of duty while serving in areas of hostilities or other exceptionally hazardous conditions where the death is a direct result of such hostilities or hazards.[1] After approval by the director, the Office of Protocol arranges for a new star to be placed on the Wall.[1]
The first suicide to be added to the wall was for employee Ranya Abdelsayed, who died by suicide in 2013 after working for a year in Afghanistan. CIA leadership was criticized by some who feel she did not meet the criteria for the wall.[20]
More information Date of Death, Name ...
| Date of Death | Name | Cause of Death | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1947 | |||
| March 20, 1947 | Lieutenant John W. Creech | Killed when their plane crashed in bad weather while en route to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. They worked for the Central Intelligence Group (CIG), the direct predecessor to CIA.[12][21] | |
| Daniel C. Dennett, Jr. | |||
| 1950 | |||
| April 29, 1950 | Douglas Mackiernan | The first CIA employee to be killed in the line of duty and the first star on the wall. Mackiernan had worked for the State Department in China since 1947. When the People's Republic of China was established at the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the State Department ordered that the Tihwa (Ürümqi) consulate where Mackiernan was stationed as vice consul be closed, and personnel were to leave the country immediately. Mackiernan, however, was ordered to stay behind, destroy cryptographic equipment, monitor the situation, and aid anti-communist Nationalists. Mackiernan fled south toward India after most escape routes were cut off, along with Frank Bessac, an American Fulbright Scholar who was in Tihwa, and three White Russians. Although Mackiernan and his party survived the Taklamakan Desert and Himalayas, Mackiernan was shot by Tibetan border guards, probably because they mistook them as Communist infiltrators, on April 29, 1950.[22] | |
| 1951 | |||
| January 11, 1951 | Jerome P. Ginley | Ginley was killed when his plane crashed into the East China Sea, near the Japanese Ryukyu Islands.[23] | |
| 1952 | |||
| November 29, 1952 | Norman A. Schwartz | Schwartz and Snoddy were pilots of a C-47 aircraft on a mission to extract a CIA operative from China. Their plane took off on November 29, 1952, from South Korea for Jilin province, China. They were preparing to pick up the agent with an airborne extraction system when the operative was compromised by Chinese forces on the ground and their plane was shot down. Both Schwartz and Snoddy were killed, while two other CIA crewmembers, Richard G. Fecteau and John T. Downey, were captured by the Chinese and held until 1971 and 1973, respectively. Schwartz's and Snoddy's remains were returned in 2005.[24] | |
| Robert C. Snoddy | |||
| 1954 | |||
| 1954 | James "Pete" McCarthy Jr. | Born 1925 a world War II Veteran[25] and later a paramilitary operations officer who died in 1954, on a training flight in Southeast Asia.[26] | |
| 1956 | |||
| May 15, 1956 | Wilburn S. Rose | Three CIA Lockheed U-2 pilots who died in plane crashes – Rose, Grace, Carey were honored with stars in 1974.[27] | |
| August 31, 1956 | Frank G. Grace | ||
| September 17, 1956 | Howard Carey | ||
| 1957 | |||
| January 1957 | James J. McGrath | A native of Middletown, Connecticut, McGrath died following an accident while working on a high-power German transmitter in January 1957. His star was placed on the wall in 2007.[28] | |
| 1960 | |||
| March 17, 1960 | Chiyoki Ikeda | Ikeda died when Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 710 crashed in Indiana while he was on temporary duty assignment in the United States.[29] | |
| May 1, 1960 | Stephen Kasarda, Jr. | A native of McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania, Kasarda died while stationed in Southeast Asia. He was working with air supply missions being flown into Tibet.[28][30] | |
| 1961 | |||
| April 13, 1961 | Nels L. Benson | Killed in a training accident while instructing members of Brigade 2506 on the use of C-4 explosives in Retalhuleu, Guatemala.[31][32] | |
| April 19, 1961 | Leo F. Baker | Four CIA pilots were killed while supporting the failed Bay of Pigs invasion on Cuba.[33] One more American was killed during the invasion, paratrooper Herman Koch Gene, but he was not part of the CIA.[34] Baker was buried in a mass grave in Cuba[35] and Thomas Ray's remains were returned to his family in 1979.[36] Shamburger and Gray were killed when their plane was shot down and crashed at sea | |
| Wade C. Gray | |||
| Thomas W. Ray | |||
| Riley W. Shamburger | |||
| August 13, 1961 | David W. Bevan | Bevan, Eubanks, Lewis were former smokejumpers working for the CIA's Air America airline when their plane crashed in Laos on August 13, 1961, killing them and two other crew members. They were dropping cargo in support of General Vang Pao's Hmong army when their plane experienced a mechanical problem. The three men were honored with stars in 2017.[37][38] | |
| Darrell A. Eubanks | |||
| John S. Lewis | |||
| 1965 | |||
| March 30, 1965 | Barbara Robbins | Killed in a Vietcong car bomb attack on the U.S. embassy in Saigon, South Vietnam.[39] She was honored with one of the original 31 stars in 1974, but her name was not included in the Book of Honor until May 2011.[40] | |
| April 26, 1965 | Eugene "Buster" Edens | CIA Lockheed U-2 pilot who died in a plane crash. He was honored with a star in 1974.[27] | |
| June 6, 1965 | John W. Waltz | Died in Baghdad, Iraq, while working as an Aide at the U.S. embassy.[41] He became ill and died from medical complications following emergency surgery.[42] | |
| August 20, 1965 | Edward Johnson | Johnson and O'Jibway were intelligence officers assigned to Air America. They were killed when their helicopter crashed into the Mekong River. The CIA's Book of Honor incorrectly lists O'Jibway's date of death as 1966.[43] | |
| Louis O'Jibway | |||
| October 12, 1965 | Michael M. Deuel | Both Deuel and Maloney were intelligence officers assigned to Air America. They were killed, along with an Air America pilot and a mechanic, when their helicopter crashed near Saravane, Laos.[44][45][46][47] | |
| Michael A. Maloney | |||
| November 29, 1965 | Marcell Rene Gough | A maritime specialist who died in a vehicle accident in November 1965, in Zaire, while on assignment to maintain equipment for operations designed to defeat communist-backed rebels.[26][48] | |
| 1965 | Unidentified | Killed in action during the Vietnam War in South Vietnam or Laos.[39] | |
| 1967 | |||
| January 5, 1967 | Walter L. Ray | CIA A-12 pilot killed in a crash in test flight in Nevada.[49][50] | |
| February 15, 1967 | Ksawery "Bill" Wyrozemski | An air operations officer who died in a vehicle accident in Zaire.[26] | |
| 1968 | |||
| June 4, 1968 | Jack W. Weeks | CIA A-12 pilot killed in a plane crash.[51][52] | |
| October 12, 1968 | Charles Mayer | Born 1936[53] An engineer in the Directorate of Science and Technology, who died in an airplane crash in Iran in 1968. His duties at the CIA were to monitor the Soviet Union's missile capabilities.[26] | |
| 1969 | |||
| January 5, 1969 | Jon Price Evans | A CIA medical officer, who was also a former Army physician, Evans was killed along with three others when their DC-3 airliner suffered mechanical problems and crashed in northern Thailand while en route to Vientiane, Laos.[2][54] | |
| 1971 | |||
| 1971 | Paul C. Davis | Unknown[55] | |
| October 24, 1971 | David L. Konzelman | Konzelman was killed in action during the Vietnam War in South Vietnam or Laos.[39] | |
| 1972 | |||
| April 28, 1972 | Wilbur M. Greene | Greene was serving in the Vietnam War when he died during a gall bladder operation.[56] | |
| September 27, 1972 | Raymond L. Seaborg | Seaborg,[57] Peterson,[58] and Kearns[59] were killed in action during the Vietnam War in South Vietnam or Laos.[39][60] | |
| October 19, 1972 | John Peterson | ||
| December 15, 1972 | John W. Kearns | ||
| 1975 | |||
| January 1975 | William E. Bennett | Bennett was killed in an explosion at his residence in Tuy Hòa, South Vietnam, during the Vietnam War, while working as a political reporting officer for the U.S. embassy.[39][61] | |
| December 23, 1975 | Richard Welch | Station chief in Greece who was assassinated by the radical Marxist organization Revolutionary Organization 17 November. | |
| 1976 | |||
| January 3, 1975 | James A. Rawlings | Killed in a cargo plane crash in South Vietnam. He was declared missing and, a year later, the CIA issued a "presumptive determination" of death.[61][62] | |
| March 1976 | Tucker Gougelmann | Gougelmann was a Paramilitary Operations Officer from the CIA's Special Activities Division who worked in the CIA from 1949 to 1972, serving in Europe, Afghanistan, Korea, and Vietnam. Gougelmann returned to Saigon in spring 1975 in an attempt to secure exit visas for loved ones after North Vietnam had launched a major offensive. He missed his final flight out of Saigon, and was captured by the North Vietnamese, who tortured him for 11 months before he died. Gougelmann was honored with a Memorial Star after the criteria for inclusion on the Wall were broadened and after "It was determined that although Gougelmann did not die in the line of duty while employed by CIA, his past affiliation with the Agency led to his death."[63] | |
| 1983 | |||
| April 18, 1983 | Robert Ames | Died in the 1983 Beirut embassy bombing. Haas was the station chief.[64][65] | |
| Phyliss Faraci | |||
| Kenneth E. Haas | |||
| Deborah M. Hixon | |||
| Frank J. Johnston | |||
| James Lewis | |||
| Monique Lewis | |||
| William Richard Sheil | |||
| 1984 | |||
| October 18, 1984 | Richard Spicer | Killed in a plane crash while on a covert mission during the Salvadoran Civil War.[66][67][68] | |
| Scott J. Van Lieshout | |||
| Curtis R. Wood | |||
| Unidentified | |||
| 1985 | |||
| June 3, 1985 | William Francis Buckley | Station chief in Lebanon killed in captivity by Hezbollah.[69] | |
| 1987 | |||
| March 26, 1987 | Richard D. Krobock | Killed in a helicopter crash during the Salvadoran Civil War.[70] | |
| 1988 | |||
| December 21, 1988 | Matthew Gannon | Gannon was the CIA's deputy station chief in Beirut, Lebanon; he was one of at least four American intelligence officers aboard Pan Am Flight 103 (he was assigned Clipper Class seat 14J), when a bomb detonated and destroyed the plane high over Lockerbie, Scotland. | |
| 1989 | |||
| August 7, 1989 | Robert W. Woods | Killed in a plane crash (along with U.S. Representative Mickey Leland), while on a humanitarian mission in Ethiopia.[18] | |
| November 27, 1989 | Michael Atkinson | Killed when their Lockheed L-100 Hercules transport plane crashed on November 27, 1989, in Angola while supporting the rebel group UNITA. Eleven members of UNITA who were on board also died in the crash.[71] | |
| George Bensch | |||
| George V. Lacy | |||
| Pharies "Bud" Petty | |||
| Gerhard H. Rieger | |||
| Jimmy Spessard | |||
| 1989 | Unidentified | Unknown[citation needed] | |
| 1992 | |||
| July 19, 1992 | Barry S. Castiglione | Killed during the ocean rescue of a colleague in El Salvador.[18] | |
| December 23, 1992 | Lawrence N. Freedman | Killed by a landmine in Somalia on December 23, 1992.[72] | |
| 1993 | |||
| January 25, 1993 | Lansing H. Bennett M.D. | The two fatalities of the 1993 shootings at CIA Headquarters. Bennett, with experience as a physician, was working as an intelligence analyst assessing the health of foreign leaders.[73] Darling worked in covert operations. | |
| Frank Darling | |||
| August 8, 1993 | Freddie Woodruff | Woodruff was assassinated in Tbilisi, Georgia, while acting as the station chief and training the bodyguards of Georgian leader Eduard Shevardnadze and the élite Omega Special Task Force. | |
| 1995 | |||
| March 8, 1995 | Jacqueline K. Van Landingham | Shot and killed in Pakistan on March 8, 1995.[18][74] | |
| 1996 | |||
| April 3, 1996 | James M. Lewek | Killed when a US Air Force CT-43A crashed near Dubrovnik, Croatia. Thirty-four other people on board were also killed.[75] | |
| November 17, 1996 | John G.A. Celli III | Killed in a traffic accident in the Middle East.[76] | |
| November 23, 1996 | Leslianne Shedd | Killed when three Ethiopians, who were seeking political asylum in Australia, hijacked Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 on November 23, 1996, and crashed the plane into the Indian Ocean.[18] | |
| 1997 | |||
| December 6, 1997 | Thomas M. Jennings Jr. | Died in a car accident in Bosnia-Herzegovina under State Department cover.[18] | |
| 1998 | |||
| August 7, 1998 | Tom Shah | Died in the 1998 African embassy bombings.[77] | |
| Molly C.H. Hardy | |||
| 2001 | |||
| November 2001 | Johnny Micheal "Mike" Spann | Spann was a Paramilitary Operations Officer from the Special Activities Division, killed during a Taliban prison uprising in November 2001 in Mazar-e Sharif (see Battle of Qala-i-Jangi). He was the first American killed in combat during the United States invasion of Afghanistan His star, the 79th, was added in 2002.[6] Officer Spann was posthumously awarded the Intelligence Star for valor for his actions. | |
| 2002 | |||
| January 4, 2002 | Nathan Chapman | He was the first U.S. soldier to be killed in combat in the American war in Afghanistan. At the time of his death, he was detailed to the CIA as a CIA paramilitary team's communications specialist. He was killed while investigating an Al-Qaeda safe house in Khost.[78] | |
| 2003 | |||
| February 7, 2003 | Helge P. Boes | Killed by a grenade during a training accident in Afghanistan.[79] | |
| July 9, 2003 | Gregg Wenzel | An operations officer who was killed in Ethiopia in 2003, also was honored with a star on the CIA's memorial wall. A former defense attorney in Florida, Wenzel grew up in Monroe, New York, and was a member of the first clandestine service training class to graduate after the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001. His Agency affiliation was withheld for six years. Overseas, Wenzel gathered intelligence on a wide range of national security priorities. In Director Leon Panetta's words: "At age 33, a promising young officer – a leader and friend to so many – was taken from us. We find some measure of solace in knowing that Gregg achieved what he set out to do: He lived for a purpose greater than himself. Like his star on this Wall, that lesson remains with us always."[80][81] | |
| October 25, 2003 | Christopher Glenn Mueller | Mueller and Carlson were paramilitary contractors from Special Activities Division, killed in an ambush in Afghanistan on October 25, 2003.[7][82][83] On May 21, 2004, these officers' stars were dedicated at a memorial ceremony.[84] "The bravery of these two men cannot be overstated," then-Director of Central Intelligence George J. Tenet told a gathering of several hundred Agency employees and family members of those killed in the line of duty. "Chris and Chief put the lives of others ahead of their own. That is heroism defined." Mueller, a former US Navy SEAL and Carlson, a former Army Ranger, Green Beret and Delta Force soldier, died while tracking high level terrorists near Shkin, Afghanistan, on October 25, 2003. Both officers saved the lives of others, including Afghan soldiers, during the ambush.[83][84] | |
| William "Chief" Carlson | |||
| 2005 | |||
| December 7, 2005 | Gregory R. Wright, Jr. | Killed in Iraq while working on a Protective Service Detail. His team was returning from an asset meeting when they were ambushed by unknown attackers.[85][86] | |
| 2006 | |||
| September 30, 2006 | Rachel A. Dean | Dean was a native of Stanardsville, Virginia, who joined the CIA as a young support officer in January 2005. She died in a car accident in September 2006, while on temporary duty in Kazakhstan.[28] | |
| 2007 | |||
| May 11, 2007 | Douglas A. Zembiec | Known as the "Lion of Fallujah" for his deployment there with the US Marine Corps, he was serving with the CIA's Special Activities Division when he was killed in a gun battle in Baghdad in May 2007 while leading Iraqis on a "snatch-and-grab" operation against insurgents. Officially, his star is anonymous; the CIA refuses to comment on Zembiec's employment with the Agency. However, former U.S. intelligence officials have stated in interviews with The Washington Post that Zembiec was indeed serving with the SAD Ground Branch at the time of his death.[87] | |
| 2008 | |||
| May 10, 2008 | Donald A. Barger | Killed in a Taliban ambush in Afghanistan.[88] Barger was a retired Master Sergeant, former US Army Ranger and Special Forces soldier. He served with 1st Ranger Battalion and Army 3rd Special Forces Group. | |
| September 28, 2008 | Stephen Stanek | Lost at sea when their 40-foot vessel was hit by Tropical Storm Higos while they were surveilling a small island in the South China Sea, north of the Philippine island of Luzon, which was occupied by the Chinese military.[89] | |
| Michael Perich | |||
| Jamie McCormick | |||
| Daniel Meeks | |||
| September 29, 2008 | Jeffrey R. Patneau | Died in a car accident while posing as a State Department employee in Yemen.[18] | |
| 2008 | Unidentified | Unknown[citation needed] | |
| 2008 | Unidentified | Unknown[citation needed] | |
| 2009 | |||
| December 30, 2009 | Harold Brown | Killed in the Camp Chapman attack in Afghanistan.[90] | |
| Elizabeth Hanson | |||
| Darren LaBonte | |||
| Jennifer Matthews | |||
| Dane Paresi | |||
| Scott Roberson | |||
| Jeremy Wise | |||
| 2011 | |||
| September 25, 2011 | Jay Henigan | Shot and killed by a rogue Afghan working for the U.S. government while working as a plumber and CIA contractor at the U.S. embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan.[91][88] | |
| 2012 | |||
| September 11–12, 2012 | Glen A. Doherty | Killed during the attack on the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi, Libya, on the night of September 11–12, 2012. Both were former Navy SEALs and worked as CIA security contractors.[92] In addition, the US ambassador to Libya, Chris Stevens, and one other American diplomat, Sean Smith, were also killed in the attack.[93] | |
| Tyrone S. Woods | |||
| October 13, 2012 | Dario N. Lorenzetti | Killed during a suicide bombing by a member of the Afghanistan National Directorate of Security. He was a 1993 West Point graduate and Army Ranger.[94][88][95][96] | |
| 2013 | |||
| August 28, 2013 | Ranya Abdelsayed | Died by suicide while stationed in Afghanistan targeting senior al-Qaida and Taliban members.[97] | |
| 2016 | |||
| May 23, 2016 | Mark S. Rausenberger | Killed while working for the CIA in the Philippines, details about the circumstances of his death remain classified. He worked for the CIA for 18 years and also served in the U.S. Army. He was previously stationed in Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, and other countries.[38] He was honored with a star in 2017.[37] | |
| October 26, 2016 | Brian R. Hoke | Both were killed during an assault on an ISIS compound outside of Jalalabad, Afghanistan. Hoke was a former United States Navy SEAL and Delemarre a former Marine. Both were members of Special Activities Division.[88] | |
| Nathaniel P. Delemarre | |||
| November 4, 2016 | Matthew C. Lewellen | Members of the 5th Special Forces Group – were working for the CIA, training moderate Syrian rebels in Jordan, when they were shot and killed on November 4, 2016.[98] Although Jordan initially claimed that security forces at King Faisal Air Base had fired upon the Americans for failing to stop at the base's gate, U.S. officials stated that the soldiers were killed by a deliberate terrorist attack. Video shows that after the Americans had been cleared to enter the base, one of the Jordanian guards opened fire on the men. The Jordanian attacker was wounded in the shootout.[99] | |
| Kevin J. McEnroe | |||
| James F. Moriarty | |||
| December 18, 2016 | George A. Whitney | Killed in the Jalalabad area of Afghanistan. Whitney was a former United States Marine Captain.[88] | |
| 2017 | |||
| 2017 | Unidentified | Unknown[100] | |
| 2017 | Unidentified | Unknown[100] | |
| 2017 | Unidentified | Unknown[100] | |
| 2017 | Unidentified | Unknown[100] | |
| 2020 | |||
| November 21–22, 2020 | Michael Goodboe | Killed in combat in Somalia.[101][102][103] | |
| Undisclosed year | |||
| Unknown | Unidentified | Unknown[12] | |
| Unknown | Unidentified | Unknown[12] | |
| Unknown | Unidentified | Unknown[12] | |
| Unknown | Unidentified | Unknown[12] | |
| Unknown | Unidentified | Unknown[13] | |
| Unknown | Unidentified | Unknown[13] | |
| Unknown | Unidentified | Unknown[14] | |
| Unknown | Unidentified | Unknown[15] | |
| Unknown | Unidentified | Unknown[15] | |
Close
First fatality
Jane Wallis Burrell was the first CIA officer to die in the Agency's service when an Air France DC-3 from Brussels crashed on approach to the Le Bourget Airport near Paris on January 6, 1948, killing all five crew members and 10 of the 11 passengers. She died only 110 days after the CIA was officially established the previous September. Burrell was never a candidate for a star on the CIA's Memorial Wall because the wall commemorates Agency employees who died in specific circumstances and deaths from commercial aircraft crashes have generally not qualified.[104]
Civil Air Transport
On May 6, 1954, during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, two CIA pilots, James B. McGovern, Jr. and Wallace Buford, were killed when their C-119 Flying Boxcar cargo plane was shot down while on a resupply mission for the French military.[105] They worked for Civil Air Transport, which was later reorganized as Air America. Neither of them has a star on the Memorial Wall.
Air America
There were more than 30, pilots and other crew members, of the CIA's Air America company who were killed during the Vietnam War that were not counted as part of the Agency even though they worked for it.[106][107] The names of some of them were: John M. Bannerman,[108] Eugene DeBruin, Joseph C. Cheney,[109] Charles Herrick,[110] John Lerdo Oyer, Jack J. Wells,[111] George L. Ritter,[112] Edward J. Weissenback,[113] and Roy F. Townley.
- Captain John Birch killed in 1945 while serving with US Military Intelligence
- Lieutenant Colonel A. Peter Dewey killed in 1945 while serving with the OSS
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Media related to CIA Memorial Wall at Wikimedia Commons
Works related to CIA Adds Four Stars to Memorial Wall at Wikisource- CIA, Memorial Wall Publication, 2015
- Booknotes interview with Ted Gup on The Book of Honor: Covert Lives and Classified Deaths at the CIA, August 27, 2000.
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