Carbon_dioxide_(data_page)

Carbon dioxide (data page)

Chemical data page

This page provides supplementary chemical data on carbon dioxide.

Thermodynamic properties

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Phase behavior
Triple point	216.58 K (−56.57 °C), 518.5 kPa
Critical point	304.18 K (31.03 °C), 7.38 MPa
Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ_fusH^o	9.019 kJ/mol at triple point^[5]
Entropy change of fusion, Δ_fusS	40 J/(mol·K) at triple point
Std enthalpy change of vaporization,^[6]^[7] Δ_vapH^o	15.326 kJ/mol at 215.7 K (−57.5 °C) (348 J/g)
Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ_vapS^o	70.8 J/(mol·K)
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ_fH^o_solid	−427.4 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,^[8] S^o_solid	51.07 J/(mol·K)
Heat capacity,^[8] c_p	2.534 J/(mol·K) at 15.52 K (−257.63 °C) 47.11 J/(mol·K) at 146.48 K (−126.67 °C) 54.55 J/(mol·K) at 189.78 K (−83.37 °C)
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ_fH^o_liquid	? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^o_liquid	? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity,^[9] c_p	80—150 J/(mol·K) at 220—290 K
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ_fH^o_gas	−393.52 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^o_gas	213.79 J/(mol·K)
Heat capacity,^[10]^[11] c_p	33.89 J/(mol K) at –75 °C 36.33 J/(mol K) at 0 °C 36.61 J/(mol K) at 15 °C 38.01 J/(mol K) at 100 °C 43.81 J/(mol K) at 400 °C 50.87 J/(mol K) at 1000 °C 56.91 J/(mol K) at 2000 °C 53.01 J/(mol K) at 38 °C, 2457 kPa 60.01 J/(mol K) at 38 °C, 5482 kPa 183.1 J/(mol K) at 38 °C, 8653 kPa
Heat capacity ratio^[10] γ = c_p/c_v	1.37 at –75 °C 1.310 at 0 °C 1.304 at 15 °C 1.281 at 100 °C 1.235 at 400 °C 1.195 at 1000 °C 1.171 at 2000 °C
van der Waals' constants^[12]	a = 363.96 L² kPa/mol² b = 0.04267 liter per mole
Equilibrium with carbon monoxide^[13] CO + ½O₂ → CO₂ K = ${\frac {[{\ce {CO2}}]}{[{\ce {CO}}][{\ce {O2}}]^{1/2}}}$ pK = log₁₀ K	pK = 45.0438 at T = 298.16 K pK = 25.0054 at T = 500 K pK = 16.5383 at T = 700 K pK = 11.8409 at T = 900 K pK = 8.8583 at T = 1100 K pK = 6.7989 at T = 1300 K pK = 5.2943 at T = 1500 K

Vapor pressure of solid and liquid

P in mm Hg	1	10	40	100	400	760	1520	3800	7600	15200	30400	45600
P in atm (2sf, derived from mm Hg)	0.0013	0.013	0.053	0.13	0.53	1.0	2.0	5.0	10	20	40	60
P in kPa (derived from mm Hg / atm)	0.13	1.3	5.3	13	53	101.325	202.65	506.625	1013.25	2026.5	4053	6079.5
T in °C	−134.3_(s)	−119.5_(s)	−108.6_(s)	−100.2_(s)	−85.7_(s)	−78.2_(s)	−69.1_(s)	−56.7	−39.5	−18.9	5.9	22.4

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. Annotation "(s)" indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. Otherwise temperature is equilibrium of vapor over liquid. For kPa values, where datum is whole numbers of atmospheres exact kPa values are given, elsewhere 2 significant figures derived from mm Hg data.

{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \ln P_{\text{mmHg}}=\ln {\frac {760}{101.325}}-24.03761\ln(T+273.15)-{\frac {7062.404}{T+273.15}}+166.3861+3.368548\times 10^{-5}(T+273.15)^{2}} — **log of Carbon Dioxide vapor pressure.** Uses formula $\scriptstyle \ln P_{\text{mmHg}}=\ln {\frac {760}{101.325}}-24.03761\ln(T+273.15)-{\frac {7062.404}{T+273.15}}+166.3861+3.368548\times 10^{-5}(T+273.15)^{2}$ obtained from CHERIC^[6]

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This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Carbon_dioxide_(data_page), and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[15] Because nitrogen and oxygen are symmetrical and carbon dioxide and water vapor are not, the air in an infrared spectrophotometer may show absorbances for CO₂ and water. This is easily overcome by subtracting a blank spectrum from the experimental spectrum, and instruments are often purged with dry nitrogen as well.

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Martin, P. E.; Barker, E. F. (1932). "The Infrared Absorption Spectrum of Carbon Dioxide". Physical Review. 41 (3): 291–303. Bibcode:1932PhRv...41..291M. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.41.291. ISSN 0031-899X.

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Ottonello-Briano, Floria; Errando-Herranz, Carlos; Rödjegård, Henrik; Martin, Hans; Sohlström, Hans; Gylfason, Kristinn B. (2019). "Carbon dioxide absorption spectroscopy with a mid-infrared silicon photonic waveguide". Optics Letters. 45 (1): 109. arXiv:1907.06967. doi:10.1364/OL.45.000109. ISSN 0146-9592. S2CID 196831810.

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[lower-alpha 1]

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Structure and properties
Index of refraction, n_D	1.000449 at 589.3 nm and 0 °C^[1]
Dielectric constant, ε_r	1.60 ε₀ at 0 °C, 50 atm
Average energy per C=O bond	804.4 kJ/mol at 298 K (25 °C)^[2]
Bond length	C=O 116.21 pm (1.1621 Å)^[3]
Bond angle	O–C–O: 180°^[3]
Magnetic susceptibility	?
Surface tension	4.34 dyn/cm at 20 °C and equilibrium pressure
Viscosity^[4] of liquid at equilibrium pressure	0.0925 mPa·s at 5 °C 0.0852 mPa·s at 10 °C 0.0712 mPa·s at 20 °C 0.0625 mPa·s at 25 °C 0.0321 mPa·s at 31.1 °C

Temp. °C	P_vap Vapor pressure kPa	H_liq Heat content liquid J/g	H_vap Heat content vapor J/g	Δ_vapH^o Heat of vapor- ization J/g	ρ_vap Density of vapor g/cm³	ρ_liq Density of liquid g/cm³	S_liq Entropy liquid J/mol-°C	S_vap Entropy vapor J/mol-°C
Carbon dioxide liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data
−56.6	518.3					1.179
−56.0	531.8					1.177
−54.0	579.1					1.169
−52.0	629.6					1.162
−50.0	683.4					1.155
−48.0	740.6					1.147
−46.0	801.3					1.139
−44.0	865.6					1.131
−42.0	933.8					1.124
−40.0	1005.7					1.116
−38.0	1081.9					1.108
−36.0	1161.8					1.100
−34.0	1246.2					1.092
−32.0	1335.1					1.084
−30.0	1428.6					1.075
−28.89	1521	−55.69	237.1	292.9	0.03846	1.0306	−9.48	43.41
−27.78	1575	−53.76	237.3	291.0	0.03987	1.0276	−9.13	43.21
−26.67	1630	−51.84	237.6	289.4	0.04133	1.0242	−8.78	43.01
−25.56	1686	−49.87	237.6	287.5	0.04283	1.0209	−8.45	42.78
−24.44	1744	−47.91	237.8	285.7	0.04440	1.0170	−8.10	42.56
−23.33	1804	−45.94	237.8	283.6	0.04600	1.0132	−7.75	42.36
−22.22	1866	−43.93	237.8	281.7	0.04767	1.0093	−7.40	42.14
−21.11	1928	−41.92	237.8	279.6	0.04938	1.0053	−7.05	41.94
−20.00	1993	−39.91	237.8	277.8	0.05116	1.0011	−6.68	41.71
−18.89	2059	−37.86	237.8	275.7	0.05300	0.9968	−6.31	41.49
−17.78	2114	−35.82	237.6	273.6	0.05489	0.9923	−5.98	41.27
−16.67	2197	−33.73	237.6	271.2	0.05686	0.9875	−5.61	41.05
−15.56	2269	−31.64	237.3	269.2	0.05888	0.9829	−5.26	40.83
−14.44	2343	−29.54	237.3	266.9	0.06098	0.9782	−4.91	40.61
−13.33	2418	−27.41	237.1	264.5	0.06314	0.9734	−4.54	40.39
−12.22	2495	−25.27	236.9	262.2	0.06539	0.9665	−4.17	40.15
−11.11	2574	−23.09	236.7	259.7	0.06771	0.9639	−3.80	39.92
−10.00	2654	−20.90	236.4	257.3	0.07011	0.9592	−3.43	39.68
−8.89	2738	−18.69	235.9	254.8	0.07259	0.9543	−3.06	39.46
−7.78	2823	−16.45	235.7	252.2	0.07516	0.9494	−2.69	39.22
−6.67	2910	−14.18	235.2	249.4	0.07783	0.9443	−2.32	38.98
−5.56	2999	−11.90	234.8	246.6	0.08059	0.9393	−1.94	38.74
−4.44	3090	−9.977	234.3	243.8	0.08347	0.9340	−1.57	38.50
−3.89	3136	−8.410	234.1	242.4	0.08494	0.9313	−1.37	38.37
−2.78	3230	−6.046	233.6	239.7	0.08797	0.9260	−0.98	38.12
−1.67	3327	−3.648	232.9	236.6	0.09111	0.9206	−0.59	37.88
−0.56	3425	−1.222	232.4	233.6	0.09438	0.9150	−0.20	37.62
0.56	3526	1.234	231.7	230.5	0.09776	0.9094	0.20	37.36
1.67	3629	3.728	231.0	227.3	0.1013	0.9036	0.61	37.08
2.78	3735	6.268	230.4	224.0	0.1050	0.8975	1.01	36.83
3.89	3843	8.445	229.4	220.5	0.1088	0.8914	1.42	36.55
5.00	3953	11.46	228.5	217.0	0.1128	0.8850	1.83	36.25
6.11	4067	14.13	227.6	213.4	0.1169	0.8784	2.25	35.98
7.22	4182	16.85	226.5	209.7	0.1213	0.8716	2.69	35.68
8.33	4300	19.63	225.4	205.8	0.1258	0.8645	3.12	35.39
9.44	4420	22.46	224.3	201.8	0.1306	0.8571	3.56	35.07
10.56	4544	25.36	223.1	197.7	0.1355	0.8496	4.02	34.76
11.67	4670	28.33	221.8	193.4	0.1408	0.8418	4.48	34.45
12.78	4798	31.35	220.3	188.9	0.1463	0.8338	4.94	34.11
13.89	4929	34.49	218.8	184.3	0.1521	0.8254	5.42	33.76
15.00	5063	37.30	217.2	179.5	0.1583	0.8168	5.92	33.41
16.11	5200	41.03	215.1	174.4	0.1648	0.8076	6.42	33.02
17.22	5340	44.48	213.6	169.1	0.1717	0.7977	6.96	32.66
18.33	5482	48.03	211.5	163.5	0.1791	0.7871	7.49	32.25
19.44	5628	51.71	209.4	157.6	0.1869	0.7759	8.04	31.83
20.56	5776	55.61	207.0	151.4	0.1956	0.7639	8.63	31.38
21.67	5928	59.66	204.3	144.7	0.2054	0.7508	9.24	30.90
22.78	6083	63.97	201.5	137.5	0.2151	0.7367	9.89	30.39
23.89	6240	68.58	198.4	129.8	0.2263	0.7216	10.57	29.85
25.00	6401	73.51	194.8	121.3	0.2387	0.7058	11.31	29.24
26.11	6565	78.91	190.7	111.8	0.2532	0.6894	12.10	28.60
27.22	6733	84.94	186.0	101.1	0.2707	0.6720	12.99	27.84
28.33	6902	91.88	180.4	88.49	0.2923	0.6507	14.00	26.95
29.44	7081	100.4	173.1	72.72	0.3204	0.6209	15.24	25.85
30.00	7164	105.6	168.4	62.76	0.3378	0.5992	16.01	25.15
30.56	7253	112.3	162.3	50.04	0.3581	0.5661	16.99	24.24
31.1	7391			0.00	0.4641	0.4641
Temp. °C	P_vap Vapor pressure kPa	H_liq Heat content liquid J/g	H_vap Heat content vapor J/g	Δ_vapH^o Heat of vapor- ization J/g	ρ_vap Density of vapor g/cm³	ρ_liq Density of liquid g/cm³	S_liq Entropy liquid J/mol-°C	S_vap Entropy vapor J/mol-°C

UV-Vis
λ_max	? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε	?
IR^{[lower-alpha 1]}
Major absorption bands^[15]^[16]^[17]	2347 and 667 cm⁻¹ (4.26 and 14.99 um)
NMR
Proton NMR	not applicable
Carbon-13 NMR	125.0^[18]
MS
Masses of main fragments

Carbon_dioxide_(data_page)

Carbon dioxide (data page)

Material Safety Data Sheet

Structure and properties

Thermodynamic properties

Solubility in water at various temperatures

Vapor pressure of solid and liquid

Phase diagram

Liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data

Spectral data

Notes

References

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