Caribbean Community

The Caribbean Community (CARICOM or CC) is an organisation of fifteen states and dependencies throughout the Caribbean having primary objectives to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members, to ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared, and to coordinate foreign policy.[10] The organisation was established in 1973. Its major activities involve coordinating economic policies and development planning; devising and instituting special projects for the less-developed countries within its jurisdiction; operating as a regional single market for many of its members (Caricom Single Market); and handling regional trade disputes. The secretariat headquarters is in Georgetown, Guyana. CARICOM is an official United Nations Observer.[11]

Caribbean Community Dutch: Caribische Gemeenschap French: Communauté caribéenne Spanish: Comunidad del Caribe
Flag
Anthem: "Celebrating CARICOM"[1]
Full members   Associate members   Observers
Seat of Secretariat	Georgetown, Guyana
Largest cities	In full member states: Port-au-Prince, Haiti In all states: Mexico City, Mexico
Official languages	Dutch, English, French, Spanish[2][3]
Working language	English[3]
Other languages	38 languages[3][4] Anguillian English Creole Arabic Bajan English Bajan English Creole Bahamian English Creole Belizean English Creole Belizean Spanish Caribbean Hindustani Cayman Islands English Chinese Colombian Spanish Dominican French Creole Dominican Spanish Grenadian English Creole Guyanese English Creole Jamaican English Jamaican Patois Mexican Spanish Montserrat English Creole Ndyuka Plautdietsch German Puerto Rican English Puerto Rican Spanish Saint Kitts Creole Saint Lucian French Creole Samaná English San Andrés-Providencia English Creole Saramaccan Sranan Tongo (Taki Taki) Surinamese Dutch Tobagonian English Creole Trinidadian English Creole Trinidadian and Tobagonian English Turks and Caicos English Creole Venezuelan Spanish Vincentian English Creole Virgin Islands English Creole 16 Native non- extinct languages[4] Arawak (Lokono) Carib (Kari'nja) Garifuna (Karif) Kapóng Macushi Mawayana (Mapidian) Mopan Pemon (Arekuna) Qʼeqchiʼ (Kʼekchi) Sikiana (Kashuyana) Tiriyó Yucatec Waiwai Wapishana Warao (Guarauno) Wayana
Ethnic groups [5]	In full member states: 73.78% African 8.3% Multiracial 6.09% Indian 0.49% European 0.39% Indigenous Amerindian 0.12% Chinese 10.83% Others
Type	Political and economic union
Member states	15 full members  Antigua and Barbuda  Bahamas  Barbados  Belize  Dominica  Grenada  Guyana  Haiti  Jamaica  Montserrat  Saint Kitts and Nevis  Saint Lucia  Saint Vincent and Grenadines  Suriname  Trinidad and Tobago 5 associates  Anguilla  Bermuda  British Virgin Islands  Cayman Islands  Turks and Caicos Islands 8 observers  Aruba  Colombia  Curaçao  Dominican Republic  Mexico  Puerto Rico  Sint Maarten  Venezuela
Government	Supranational organisation
• Chairman	Keith Rowley[6]
• Secretary-General	Irwin LaRocque
Establishment
• Treaty of Chaguaramas	4 July 1973
• Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas	2001
Area
• Total	458,480 km2 (177,020 sq mi)
Population
• 2019 estimate	18,482,141 (in full member states)[7] 239,251,864[7] (in all states)
• Density	40.3/km2 (104.4/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$145.3 billion[8]
• Per capita	$18,289
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$81.987 billion
• Per capita	$12,608
HDI (2018)	0.730[9] high
Currency	Aruban florin (AWG) Bahamian dollar (BSD) Barbadian dollar (BBD) Belize dollar (BZD) Bermudian dollar (BMD) Cayman Islands dollar (KYD) Colombian peso (COP) Dominican peso (DOP) Eastern Caribbean dollar (XCD) Guyanese dollar (GYD) Haitian gourde (HTG) Jamaican dollar (JMD) Mexican peso (MXN) Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG) Surinamese dollar (SRD) Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD) United States dollar (USD) Venezuelan bolívar (VES)
Website CARICOM.org

CARICOM was established by the English-speaking parts of the Caribbean, and currently includes all the independent anglophone island countries plus Belize, Guyana and Montserrat, as well as all other British Caribbean territories and Bermuda as associate members. English was its sole working language into the 1990s. The organization has become multilingual with the addition of Dutch-speaking Suriname in 1995 and the French- and Haitian Creole-speaking Haiti in 2002. Furthermore, it has added Spanish as the fourth official language in 2003.[2] In July 2012, CARICOM announced that they were considering making French and Dutch official languages.[12] In 2001, the heads of government signed a revised Treaty of Chaguaramas that cleared the way to transform the idea of a common market CARICOM into a Caribbean (CARICOM) Single Market and Economy. Part of the revised treaty establishes and implements the Caribbean Court of Justice.

Membership

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Currently CARICOM has 15 full members, 5 associate members and 8 observers. All of the associate members are British Overseas Territories, and it is currently not established what the role of the associate members will be. The observers are states which engage in at least one of CARICOM's technical committees. In 2017 the Republic of Cuba and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) bloc signed the "CARICOM-Cuba Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement"[13] to facilitate closer ties.[14]

CARICOM members[15]

Status	Name	Join date	Notes
Full member	Antigua and Barbuda	4 July 1974
	Bahamas	4 July 1983	Not a part of the customs union
	Barbados	1 August 1973	One of the four founding members
	Belize	1 May 1974
	Dominica	1 May 1974
	Grenada	1 May 1974
	Guyana	1 August 1973	One of the four founding members
	Haiti	2 July 2002	Provisional membership on 4 July 1998
	Jamaica	1 August 1973	One of the four founding members
	Montserrat	1 May 1974	British overseas territory
	Saint Kitts and Nevis	26 July 1974	Joined as Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
	Saint Lucia	1 May 1974
	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1 May 1974
	Suriname	4 July 1995
	Trinidad and Tobago	1 August 1973	One of the four founding members
Associate	Anguilla	July 1999	British overseas territory
	Bermuda	2 July 2003	British overseas territory
	British Virgin Islands	July 1991	British overseas territory
	Cayman Islands	16 May 2002	British overseas territory
	Turks and Caicos Islands	July 1991	British overseas territory
Observer	Aruba		Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
	Colombia
	Curaçao		Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
	Dominican Republic
	Mexico
	Puerto Rico		Unincorporated territory of the United States
	Sint Maarten		Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
	Venezuela

Organisational structure

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Structures comprised by the overall Caribbean Community (CARICOM).[16]

Under Article 4 CARICOM breaks its 15 member states into two groups: Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and More Developed Countries (MDCs).[17]

The countries of CARICOM which are designated as Less Developed Countries (LDCs) are:[17]

• Antigua and Barbuda
• Belize
• Commonwealth of Dominica
• Grenada
• Republic of Haiti
• Montserrat
• Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis
• St Lucia
• St Vincent and the Grenadines

The countries of CARICOM which are designated as More Developed Countries (MDCs) are:[17]

• Commonwealth of the Bahamas
• Barbados
• Co-operative Republic of Guyana
• Jamaica
• Republic of Suriname
• Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

Chairmanship

The post of Chairman (Head of CARICOM) is held in rotation by the regional Heads of State (for the republics) and Heads of Government (for the realms) of CARICOM's 15 member states. These include: Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Haiti, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Bahamas, Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago.

Heads of government

CARICOM contains a quasi-Cabinet of the individual Heads of Government. These heads are given specific specialised portfolios of responsibility for overall regional development and integration.[18]

Secretariat

• Secretariat of the Caribbean Community, The term of office of the Secretary-General is five years, which may be renewed. (Chief Administrative Organ)
  • Secretary-General of the Caribbean Community, the CARICOM Secretary General (Chief Executive) handles foreign and community relations.
  • Deputy Secretary-General of the Caribbean Community, handles human and social Development.
• General Counsel of the Caribbean Community, handles trade and economic integration.

The goal statement of the CARICOM Secretariat is:

To provide dynamic leadership and service, in partnership with Community institutions and Groups, toward the attainment of a viable, internationally competitive and sustainable Community, with improved quality of life for all.

Organs and bodies

Principal organs

Organ	Description
CARICOM Heads of Government	Consisting of the various heads of Government from each member state
Standing Committee of Ministers	Ministerial responsibilities for specific areas, for example the Standing Committee of Ministers responsible for Health will consist of Ministers of Health from each member state

Community Council

The Community Council consists of ministers responsible for community affairs and any other Minister designated by the member states in their absolute discretion. It is one of the community's principal organs; the other is the Conference of the Heads of Government. It is supported by four other organs and three bodies.

Secondary organs

Secondary organ	Abbreviation
Council for Finance and Planning	COFAP
Council for Foreign and Community Relations	COFCOR
Council for Human and Social Development	COHSOD
Council for Trade and Economic Development	COTED

Bodies

Body	Description
Legal Affairs Committee	provides legal advice
Budget Committee	examines the draft budget and work programme of the Secretariat and submits recommendations to the Community Council.
Committee of the Central Bank Governors	provides recommendations to the COFAP on monetary and financial matters.

Institutions

The 25 designated institutions of CARICOM are as follows:

Institutions

Institution	Abbreviation
Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency	CDEMA
Caribbean Meteorological Institute	CMI
Caribbean Meteorological Organisation	CMO
Caribbean Food Corporation	CFC
Caribbean Environment Health Institute	CEHI
Caribbean Agriculture Research and Development Institute	CARDI
Caribbean Regional Centre for the Education and training of Animal Health and Veterinary Public Health Assistants	REPAHA
Assembly of Caribbean Community Parliamentarians	ACCP
Caribbean Centre for Development Administration	CARICAD
Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute	CFNI
Caribbean Agricultural Health and Food Safety Agency	CAHFSA
CARICOM Implementation Agency for Crime and Security	IMPACS
Caribbean Examinations Council	CXC
CARICOM Single Market and Economy	CSME
Caribbean Court of Justice	CCJ
Caribbean Community Administrative Tribunal	CCAT
CARICOM Competition Commission	CCC
Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism	CRFM
Caribbean Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality	CROSQ
Caribbean Telecommunications Union	CTU
Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre	CCCCC
Caribbean Organisation of Tax Administrators	COTA
Council of Legal Education	CLE
Caribbean Aviation Safety and Securing Oversight System	CASSOS
Caribbean Regional Information and Translation Institute	CRITI

The Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) is based in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago and was chiefly developed to act as a settlement unit for disputes on the functioning of the Caribbean (CARICOM) Single Market and Economy (CSME) (known as "original jurisdiction"). In addition, some of the region's Commonwealth Caribbean member states of CARICOM have opted to supplement original jurisdiction with "appellate jurisdiction" which by practice replaces the Privy Council (in London, United Kingdom) with the CCJ.

The Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA) is a regional public health agency headquartered in Trinidad and Tobago[19] which was established by CARICOM leaders in July 2011[20] and began operation in 2013.[19]

As of 2018, the majority of member states continue to utilize the Privy Council as their final appellate court and three member states do not use the CCJ for either its original jurisdiction or its appellate jurisdiction because they have either not signed the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas (the Bahamas and Haiti) or are a current United Kingdom Overseas Territory (Montserrat). A handful of various public propositions have been held in several countries of CARICOM polling on public support for transitioning of appellate jurisdiction to the CCJ, and to date the majority of these measures held have failed.

Associate institutions

The seven designated associate institutions of CARICOM are as follows:

Associate institutions

Associate institution	Abbreviation
Caribbean Development Bank	CDB
University of Guyana	UG
University of the West Indies	UWI
Caribbean Law Institute / Caribbean Law Institute Centre	CLI / CLIC
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States	OECS
West Indies Cricket Board	WICB
CARICOM Private Sector Organization[21]	CPSO

Symbols

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Standard

The flag of the Caribbean Community was chosen and approved in November 1983 at the Conference of Heads of Government Meeting in Port of Spain, Trinidad. The original design by the firm of WINART Studies in Georgetown, Guyana was substantially modified at the July 1983 Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government.[22] The flag was first flown on 4 July 1984 in Nassau, Bahamas at the fifth Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government.[23]

The flag features a blue background, but the upper part is a light blue representing sky and the lower, a darker blue representing the Caribbean Sea. The yellow circle in the centre represents the sun on which is printed in black the logo of the Caribbean Community, two interlocking Cs. The two Cs are in the form of broken links in a chain, symbolising both unity and a break with the colonial past. The narrow ring of green around the sun represents the vegetation of the region.[22]

Song

For CARICOM's 40th anniversary, a competition to compose an official song or anthem for CARICOM was launched in April 2013[24] to promote choosing a song that promoted unity and inspired CARICOM identity and pride. A regional panel of judges comprising independent experts in music was nominated by member states and the CARICOM Secretariat. Three rounds of competition condensed 63 entries to a final three, from which judges chose Celebrating CARICOM by Michele Henderson of Dominica[24] in March 2014.[25] Henderson won a US$10,000 prize.[26] Her song was produced by her husband, Roland Delsol Jr., and arranged by Earlson Matthew. It also featured Michael Ferrol on drums and choral input from the St. Alphonsus Choir. It was re-produced for CARICOM by Carl Beaver Henderson of Trinidad and Tobago.[25]

A second-place entry titled My CARICOM came from Jamaican Adiel Thomas[24] who won US$5,000,[26] and a third-place song titled One CARICOM by Carmella Lawrence of St. Kitts and Nevis,[24] won US$2,500.[26] The other songs from the top-ten finalists (in no particular order) were:

• One Region one Caribbean from Anguilla,
• One Caribbean Family from Jamaica,
• CARICOM’s Light from St. Vincent & the Grenadines,
• We Are CARICOM from Dominica,
• Together As one from Dominica,
• Blessed CARICOM from Jamaica,
• Together We Rise from Jamaica.[25]

The first official performance of Celebrating CARICOM by Henderson took place on Tuesday 1 July 2014 at the opening ceremony for the Thirty-Fifth Regional Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government in Antigua and Barbuda.[24]

Celebration

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CARICOM DAY

The celebration of CARICOM Day is the selected day some Caribbean Community (CARICOM) countries officially recognise the commemorative date of signing of the Treaty of Chaguaramas, the agreement that established CARICOM on July 4, 1973. The Treaty was signed in Chaguaramas, Trinidad & Tobago by then leaders of: Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. CARICOM Day is recognised as an official public holiday in Guyana where the secretariat is based, and is observed on the first Monday of July. The government of Antigua and Barbuda has also implemented CARICOM Day as a holiday.

The day features activities that are organised by government entities such as parades, pageants, and campaigns to educate people about CARICOM.

CARICOM-Cuba Day

The Republic of Cuba commemorates with the bloc the initial date of official political relations between CARICOM and Cuba as the second week of December.[27]

Caribbean Festival of Arts - CARIFESTA

Caribbean Festival of Arts, commonly known as CARIFESTA, is an annual festival for promoting arts of the Caribbean with a different country hosting the event each year. It was started to provide a venue to "depict the life of the people of the Region, their heroes, morals, myths, traditions, beliefs, creativity and ways of expression"[28] by fostering a sense of Caribbean unity, and motivating artists by showing the best of their home country. It began under the auspices of Guyana's then President Forbes Burnham in 1972, who was inspired by other singular arts festivals in the region.

History

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CARICOM, originally the Caribbean Community and Common Market, was established by the Treaty of Chaguaramas[29] which took effect on 1 August 1973. The first four signatories were Barbados, Jamaica, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago.

CARICOM superseded the 1965–1972 Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) organised to provide a continued economic linkage between the English-speaking countries of the Caribbean after the dissolution of the West Indies Federation, which lasted from 3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962.

A revised Treaty of Chaguaramas established the Caribbean Community including the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) and was signed by the CARICOM Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community on 5 July 2001 at their Twenty-Second Meeting of the Conference in Nassau, The Bahamas.[17] The revised treaty cleared the way to transform the idea of a common market CARICOM into the Caribbean (CARICOM) Single Market and Economy.

Haiti's membership in CARICOM remained effectively suspended from 29 February 2004 through early June 2006 following the 2004 Haitian coup d'état and the removal of Jean-Bertrand Aristide from the presidency.[30][31] CARICOM announced that no democratically elected government in CARICOM should have its leader deposed. The fourteen other heads of government sought to have Aristide fly from Africa to Jamaica and share his account of events with them, which infuriated the interim Haitian prime minister, Gérard Latortue, who announced he would take steps to take Haiti out of CARICOM. CARICOM thus voted on suspending the participation of Haitian officials from the councils of CARICOM.[32] Following the presidential election of René Préval, Haitian officials were readmitted and Préval himself gave the opening address at the CARICOM Council of Ministers meeting in July.

Since 2013 the CARICOM-bloc and with the Dominican Republic have been tied to the European Union via an Economic Partnership Agreements signed in 2008 known as CARIFORUM.[33] The treaty grants all members of the European Union and CARIFORUM equal rights in terms of trade and investment. Under Article 234 of the agreement, the European Court of Justice handles dispute resolution between CARIFORUM and European Union states.[34]

Statistics

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Population and economic statistics of full and associate members

Member	Membership	Land area (km2)[35]	Population (2019)	GDP (PPP) Millions USD (2017)[36]	GDP Per Capita (PPP) USD (2017)	Human Development Index (2018)[37]
Anguilla	associate	91	15,174	175.4	12,200	-
Antigua and Barbuda	full member	442.6	104,084	2,390	26,300	0.776
Bahamas	full member	10,010	385,340	9,339	25,100	0.805
Barbados	full member	430	287,010	4,919	17,500	0.813
Belize	full member	22,806	398,050	3,230	8,300	0.720
Bermuda	associate	54	63,779	5,198	85,700	-
British Virgin Islands	associate	151	32,206	500	42,300	-
Cayman Islands	associate	264	64,420	2,507	43,800	-
Dominica	full member	751	74,679	851	12,000	0.724
Grenada	full member	344	108,825	1,590	14,700	0.763
Guyana	full member	214,970	786,508	6,367	8,300	0.670
Haiti	full member	27,560	11,242,856	19,880	1,800	0.503
Jamaica	full member	10,831	2,728,864	26,200	9,200	0.726
Montserrat	full member	102	5,220	43.8	8,500	-
Saint Kitts and Nevis	full member	261	56,345	1,528	26,800	0.777
Saint Lucia	full member	606	180,454	2,384	13,500	0.745
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	full member	389	109,803	1,281	11,600	0.728
Suriname	full member	156,000	573,085	7,928	13,900	0.724
Trinidad and Tobago	full member	5,128	1,359,193	42,780	31,200	0.799
Turks and Caicos Islands	associate	948	37,910	632	29,100	-
Full members	members only	432,510	18,400,316	130,711	15,247	0.730

Thousands of Caricom nationals live within other member states of the Community.

An estimated 30,000 Jamaicans legally reside in other CARICOM member states,[38] mainly in the Bahamas (6,200),[39] Antigua & Barbuda (estimated 12,000),[40] Barbados and Trinidad & Tobago).[38] Also, an estimated 150 Jamaicans live and work in Montserrat.[40] A November 21, 2013 estimated put 16,958 Jamaicans residing illegally in Trinidad & Tobago, as according to the records of the Office of the Chief Immigration Officer, their entry certificates would have since expired.[41] By October 2014, the estimated Jamaicans residing illegally in Trinidad and Tobago was 19,000 along with an estimated 7,169 Barbadians and 25,884 Guyanese residing illegally.[42] An estimated 8,000 Trinidadians and Tobagonians live in Jamaica.[43]

Barbados hosts a large diaspora population of Guyanese, of whom (in 2005) 5,032 lived there permanently as citizens, permanent residents, immigrants (with immigrant status) and Caricom skilled nationals; 3,200 were residing in Barbados temporarily under work permits, as students, or with "reside and work" status. A further 2,000-3,000 Guyanese were estimated to be living illegally in Barbados at the time.[44] Migration between Barbados and Guyana has deep roots, going back over 150 years, with the most intense period of Barbadian migration to then-British Guiana occurring between 1863 and 1886, although as late as the 1920s and 1930s Barbadians were still leaving Barbados for British Guiana.[45]

Migration between Guyana and Suriname also goes back a number of years. An estimated 50,000 Guyanese had migrated to Suriname by 1986[46][47] In 1987 an estimated 30-40,000 Guyanese were in Suriname.[48] Many Guyanese left Suriname in the 1970s and 1980s, either voluntarily by expulsion. Over 5,000 were expelled in January 1985 alone.[49] in the instability Suriname experienced following independence, both coups and civil war.[47] In 2013 an estimated 11,530 Guyanese had emigrated to Suriname and 4,662 Surinamese to Guyana.[50]

Relationship to other supranational Caribbean organisations

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Parts of this article (those related to Anguilla) need to be updated. (February 2012)

Association of Caribbean States

CARICOM was instrumental in the formation of the Association of Caribbean States (ACS) on 24 July 1994. The original idea for the Association came from a recommendation of the West Indian Commission, established in 1989 by the CARICOM heads of state and government. The Commission advocated both deepening the integration process (through the CARICOM Single Market and Economy) and widening it through a separate regional organisation encompassing all states in the Caribbean.[51]

CARICOM accepted the commission's recommendations and opened dialogue with other Caribbean states, the Central American states and the Latin American nations of Colombia, Venezuela and Mexico which border the Caribbean, for consultation on the proposals of the West Indian Commission.[51]

At an October 1993 summit, the heads of state and government of CARICOM and the presidents of the then-Group of Three (Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela) formally decided to create an association grouping all states of the Caribbean basin. A work schedule for its formation was adopted. The aim was to create the association in less than a year, an objective which was achieved with the formal creation of the ACS.[51]

Community of Latin American and Caribbean States

CARICOM was also involved in the formation of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) on 3 December 2010. The idea for CELAC originated at the Rio Group–Caribbean Community Unity Summit on 23 February 2010 in Mexico.[52][53][54][55][56]

European Union: Economic Partnership Agreements

Since 2013, the CARICOM-bloc and the Dominican Republic have been tied to the European Union via an Economic Partnership Agreements known as CARIFORUM signed in 2008.[33] The treaty grants all members of the European Union and CARIFORUM equal rights in terms of trade and investment. Within the agreement under Article 234, the European Court of Justice also carries dispute resolution mechanisms between CARIFORUM and the states of the European Union.[34]

OHADAC Project

In May 2016, Caricom's court of original jurisdiction, the CCJ, signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the ACP Legal Association based in Guadeloupe recognising and supporting the goals of implementing a harmonised business law framework in the Caribbean through ACP Legal Association's OHADAC Project.[57]

OHADAC is the acronym for the French "Organisation pour l'Harmonisation du Droit des Affaires en les Caraïbes", which translates into English as "Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in the Caribbean". The OHADAC Project takes inspiration from a similar organisation in Africa and aims to enhance economic integration across the entire Caribbean and facilitate increased trade and international investment through unified laws and alternative dispute resolution methods.[57]

Free Trade Agreements

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• List_of_bilateral_free-trade_agreements#CARICOM

See also

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• Projects of the Caribbean Community
• CSME
• Association of Caribbean States
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
• North American Union (NAU)
• Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
• EU/UK–CARIFORUM
• Caribbean Financial Action Task Force
• Caribbean Initiative
• Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI)
• Caribbean Accreditation Authority for Education in Medicine and other Health Professions
• Caribbean Knowledge and Learning Network
• Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
• Commonwealth of Nations
• Languages of the Caribbean
• List of regional organizations by population
• Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States
• Organization of American States
• Petrocaribe
• Small Island Developing States
• West Indies

References

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