Chagres_Formation
The Chagres Formation (Tc)[1] is a geologic formation in the Colón Province of central Panama. The sandstones and siltstones were deposited in a shallow marine environment and preserve fossils dating back to the Middle to Late Miocene (Tortonian to Messinian, Clarendonian to Hemphillian in the NALMA classification) period.
| Chagres Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Tortonian-Messinian (Clarendonian-Hemphillian) ~11.6–5.3 Ma | |
| Type | Formation |
| Sub-units | Río Indio & Toro Limestone Members |
| Underlies | alluvium |
| Overlies | Gatún Formation |
| Thickness | uncertain |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone |
| Other | Siltstone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 9.2°N 80.3°W / 9.2; -80.3 |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 9.0°N 79.4°W / 9.0; -79.4 |
| Region | Colón Province |
| Country |  Panama |
| Extent | Panama Basin |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Chagres River |
| Named by | MacDonald |
| Year defined | 1919 |
The Chagres Formation is exposed in the northern part of the Panama Canal Zone. The formation overlies and partly overlaps the Gatún Formation. The outcrop area lies entirely west of the Panama Canal, extending from the Canal Zone southwestward along the Caribbean coast, about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Colón. Calcareous strata at the base of the formation throughout most of the outcrop area in the Canal Zone constitute the Toro limestone member.[2]
The name Chagres Sandstone was proposed by MacDonald in 1919 for the sandstone forming the hills that overlook the coast from Toro Point to the mouth of the Chagres River. The sandstone is so massive that estimates of thickness are uncertain.[2]
Various fossils have been found in the Chagres Formation:[3]
Fish
- Alopias superciliosus
- Benthosema pluridens[4]
- Carcharhinus brachyurus
- Carcharhinus cionei
- Carcharhinus obscurus
- Carcharhinus plumbeus
- Carcharhinus signatus
- Carcharodon plicatilis
- Centrophorus granulosus
- Cynoscion prolixus[5]
- Dalatias licha
- Diaphus barrigonensis, D. rodriguezi[4]
- Galeocerdo cuvier
- Galeorhinus galeus
- Hemipristis serra
- Heptranchias perlo
- Heterodontus sp.
- Isistius sp.
- Lampadena scapha[4]
- Lepidophanes inflectus[4]
- Megalodon
- Mustelus sp.
- Myctophum arcanum, M. degraciai[4]
- Myliobatis sp.
- Premontreia sp.
- Pristiophorus sp.
- Pseudocarcharias kamoharai
- Rhizoprionodon sp.
- Sphyrna lewini
- Squalus sp.
- Squatina sp.
- Trigonognathus sp.
Mammals
Invertebrates
- Geologic Map, 1980
- Woodring, 1957, p.47
- Pina at Fossilworks.org
- Schwarzhans & Aguilera, 2013
- Aguilera et al., 2016
- STRI 650009 at Fossilworks.org
- Pyenson et al., 2015
- Vélez Juarbe et al., 2015
- Hendy et al., 2008
Bibliography
- Aguilera, Órangel A.; Werner Schwarzhans, and Philippe Béarez. 2016. Otoliths of the Sciaenidae from the Neogene of tropical America. Palaeo Ichthyologica 14. 7–90. Accessed 2019-02-09.
- A. J. W. Hendy, D. P. Buick, K. V. Bulinski, C. A. Ferguson, and A. I. Miller. 2008. Unpublished census data from Atlantic coastal plain and circum-Caribbean Neogene assemblages and taxonomic opinions
- Pyenson, Nicholas D.; Jorge Vélez Juarbe; Carolina S. Gutstein; Holly Little; Dioselina Vigil, and Aaron O'Dea. 2015. Isthminia panamensis, a new fossil inioid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Chagres Formation of Panama and the evolution of ‘river dolphins’ in the Americas. PeerJ 3. e1227. Accessed 2019-02-09.
- Schwarzhans, Werner, and Órangel Aguilera. 2013. Otoliths of the Myctophidae from the Neogene of tropical America. Palaeo Ichthyologica 13. 83–150. Accessed 2019-02-09.
- Stewart, R.H.; J.L. Stewart, and W.P. Woodring. 1980. Geologic Map of the Panama Canal and Vicinity, 1. USGS. Accessed 2019-02-09.
- Vélez Juarbe, Jorge; Aaron R. Wood; Carlos De Gracia, and Austin J.W. Hendy. 2015. Evolutionary Patterns among Living and Fossil Kogiid Sperm Whales: Evidence from the Neogene of Central America. PLoS ONE 10(4). e0123909. Accessed 2019-02-09.
- Woodring, W.P. 1957. Geology and Paleontology of Canal Zone and Adjoining Parts of Panama - 306A Geology and description of Tertiary mollusks (Gastropods: Trochidae to Turritellidae), 1–186. USGS. Accessed 2019-02-09.