Chatham County (/ˈtʃætəm/ CHAT-əm) is located in the U.S. state of Georgia, on the state's Atlantic coast. The county seat and largest city is Savannah. One of the original counties of Georgia, Chatham County was created February 5, 1777, and is named after William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham.^[1]

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Chatham County
County
Chatham County Administrative and Legislative Center in Savannah
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Georgia
Georgia's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 31°58′N 81°05′W
Country	United States
State	Georgia
Founded	February 5, 1777; 247 years ago (1777)
Named for	William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham
Seat	Savannah
Largest city	Savannah
Area
• Total	632 sq mi (1,640 km2)
• Land	426 sq mi (1,100 km2)
• Water	206 sq mi (530 km2)  32.6%
Population  (2020)
• Total	295,291
• Density	470/sq mi (180/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district	1st
Website	www.chathamcountyga.gov

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The U.S. Census Bureau's official 2020 population for Chatham County was 295,291 residents.^[2] This was an increase of 11.4% from the official 2010 population of 265,128 residents.^[3] Chatham is the sixth most populous county in Georgia, and the most populous Georgia county outside the Atlanta metropolitan area. Chatham is the core county of the Savannah metropolitan area.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 632 sq mi (1,640 km²), of which 206 sq mi (530 km²) (32.6%) is covered by water.^[4]

Chatham County is the northernmost of Georgia's coastal counties on the Atlantic Ocean. It is bounded on the northeast by the Savannah River, and in the southwest bounded by the Ogeechee River.

The bulk of Chatham County, an area with a northern border in a line from Bloomingdale to Tybee Island, is located in the Ogeechee River Coastal subbasin of the Ogeechee River basin. The portion of the county north of that line is located in the lower Savannah River subbasin of the Savannah River basin, while the very southern fringes of the Chatham County are located in the lower Ogeechee River subbasin of the Ogeechee River basin.^[5]

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 295,291 people, 107,987 households, and 65,889 families residing in the county.

Public schools are operated by Savannah-Chatham County Public Schools. The entire county is in the district.^[17]

The Live Oak Public Libraries constitute a regional library system that provides services to three Georgia counties: Chatham, Effingham, and Liberty. The former name of the system, "Chatham Effingham Liberty Regional Library," described this collaboration. In 2002, the name was changed to Live Oak, which reflects the personality of the region, as well as the life and growth of its branches.^[18] At the beginning of the 20th century, city leaders in Savannah began to discuss the need for a public library. The history of libraries in Chatham County dates to 1903. According to Geraldine LeMay, former director of the Savannah Public Chatham-Effingham and Liberty Regional Library, the Georgia Historical Society and the city of Savannah worked out a plan that year to establish the Savannah Public Library.^[19] The idea was the brainchild of the Georgia Historical Society, which set up a planning committee to determine how the facilities of the society might best be useful to the city of Savannah.^[20] In a joint meeting of committee members from the society and the city of Savannah, a free public library was established that would prove to be of great value to the community. This library, however, did not serve citizens of color.

The Coastal State Prison, a Georgia Department of Corrections state prison, is located in Savannah, near Garden City.^[21][22]

Unincorporated Chatham County is primarily served by the Chatham County Police Department. (CCPD^[23]) and the Georgia State Patrol. The Chatham County Sheriff's Office is the enforcement arm of the county court system and operates the county jail.^[24] Except for the Town of Vernonburg, every incorporated town and city in Chatham County has its own police department.^[25]

Chatham County was one of the earliest counties in Georgia to turn Republican and shake off its Solid South roots. From 1952 to 2000, the county went Republican all but four times. Hubert Humphrey carried it by 95 votes in 1968. Jimmy Carter won a majority in both of his runs for president, and in 1996, Bill Clinton became the first non-Georgian Democrat to win a majority since Franklin Roosevelt.

The county has voted Democratic in every presidential election since 2004, when John Kerry carried it by fewer than 150 votes and by a plurality. It swung dramatically to support Barack Obama in 2008, making Obama only the second non-Georgian Democrat to win a majority of the county's vote since Franklin Roosevelt. Since then, Chatham has tended to vote substantially more for the Democratic Party at the presidential level than the state as a whole. In the last four presidential elections, the Democrats have recorded the biggest margins for non-Georgian Democrats since Roosevelt's landslides. This culminated in 2020, when Joe Biden took 58.6% of the vote, outdoing Carter's 57% in 1976 for the best performance in the county since Franklin Roosevelt in 1944. Since 2008, it has been one of the most Democratic urban counties in the state outside of the Atlanta area, and one of the few Democratic pockets in mostly heavily Republican South Georgia. It is primarily an urban county, especially in its principal city of Savannah.

• Georgia Senate, District 2
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Chatham County, Georgia
• List of counties in Georgia