Indigenous

The Baranggum people lived in the region for thousands of years before British colonisation. They spoke the now extinct Barunggam language.^[7] They appear to have had kinship ties with the neighbouring Mandandanji, Bigambul and Yiman people.^[8][9]

The name Chinchilla is a corruption of the Aboriginal word "tintinchilla" or "jinchilla" indicating cypress pine, possibly recorded by explorer and naturalist Ludwig Leichhardt.^[2]

British colonisation

British exploration through the region began in the 1840s, most notably with the 1844 expedition of Ludwig Leichhardt.^[9] Leichhardt named Charleys Creek (upon which the modern town of Chinchilla is located) after Charley Fisher, a Wiradjuri man who accompanied Leichhardt's group.^[10]

In 1847, British pastoralist squatter, Matthew Buscall Goggs, claimed around 37,000 acres of land along the Condamine River and Charleys Creek, calling his property Chinchilla. He fought a long war with the resident Baranggum people to take ownership. In 1849, with the help of military actions of Native Police units under Frederick Walker, Goggs was able to defeat and disperse most of the Baranggum resistance. In 1857, Goggs the sold Chinchilla property for £25,000 to the influential pastoralist and politician Gideon Lang.^{[9][11][12][13][14]}

The town of Chinchilla was established in 1877. As the Western railway line was extended west across the Darling Downs from Toowoomba and Dalby, a temporary construction camp was established on the banks of Charley's Creek which developed into a town.^[15]

Chinchilla Post Office opened on 3 January 1878.^[16]

Civic infrastructure and schools

Chinchilla State School opened on 22 January 1883. A secondary department was opened in 1954, closing in 1963 when Chinchilla State High School opened.^[17] The school celebrated its centenary in 1983.^[18][19]

Mulga Provisional School opened circa 1896. On 1 January 1909, it became Mulga State School. Between 1914 and 1915, the school operated as a half-time school, sharing a single teacher with Hill Top Provisional School (later Boonarga State School). It closed in 1915 but reopened as the full-time Mulga State School in 1917. It closed circa 1943.^[17]

Riversdale Provisional School opened in 1902. On 1 January 1909, it became Riversdale State School. It closed in 1915.^[17] It was at the western end of Windmill Road (approx 26.78661°S 150.61657°E / -26.78661; 150.61657 (Riversdale State School (former))).^[20][21]

Monmouth Provisional School opened on 16 August 1904. On 1 January 1909, it became Monmouth State School.It closed in April 1921, reopening as Monmouth Provisional School in 1930. It closed circa 1946.^[17] It was at 33 Hunter Road off Monmouth Bridge Road (26.7165°S 150.6593°E / -26.7165; 150.6593 (Monmouth State School (former))).^[20]

In 1911, the Queensland Railway Department built a tramway from Chinchilla to Wongongera (now Barakula) to transport railway sleepers made from logs taken from the state forest at Barakula and milled at the Barakula sawmill. The route of the Barakula tramway was based on an earlier plan to construct a railway line from Chinchilla to Taroom that was subsequently abandoned in favour of a railway line from Miles to Taroom.^[22][23] The tramway operated until 1970.^[24] It was a 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge tramway.^[25]

Speculation Provisional School opened in 1908 and closed circa 1915.^[17]

Park View Provisional School opened circa 1910 and closed circa 1916.^[17]

The town was part of the Shire of Chinchilla local government entity from 1912, formed after splitting from the Shire of Wambo, until 2008 when it amalgamated with the Town of Dalby and the Shires of Murilla, Tara and Wambo and the southern part of Taroom to form the Western Downs Region.

Fairy Meadow Road State School opened on 5 November 1915 and closed in 1919.^[17]

Wilga Park Provisional School and Wombo Creek Provisional School both opened on 1916 as half-time schools (meaning they shared a single teacher). Wilga Park Provisional School closed in late 1917 or early 1918. It is not known if Wombo Creek Provisional School then also closed or operated on a full-time basis. From 9 July 1919 Wombo Creek Provisional School was operating on a half-time basis with the newly opened Gunbar Provisional School. Wombo Creek and Gunbar schools both closed circa 1925/6.^[17]

Logyard Provisional School opened in 1918, closing circa 1919. Logyard State School opened circa 1941 and closed in 1959.^[17]

Sixteen Mile Creek Provisional School opened on 5 February 1918 as a half-time provisional school (possibly in conjunction with Wombo Creek Provisional School). It closed on 1936.^[17]

The Chinchilla War Memorial was originally located near the railway overpass and was unveiled on 30 January 1919 by the Queensland Governor, Hamilton Goold-Adams. In 1977, it was substantially refurbished and relocated to the Returned and Services League of Australia club and was unveiled on 17 March 1979.^[26]

Gunbar Provisional School opened on 9 July 1919 as a half-time school in conjunction with Wombo Creek Provisional School. It closed circa 1925–1926.^[17]

Colamba Provisional School opened on 14 October 1919. It closed in 1939.^[17]

Cambey Provisional School opened in 1922. It closed circa 1935.^[17]

Unity Provisional School opened on 16 November 1922. It closed in 1931.^[17]

St Joseph's Catholic School was officially opened by Archbishop James Duhig on 27 January 1923, with the school commencing operation on 29 January 1923.^[27] It was established by three Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart with an initial enrolment of 63 students. Since 1992 the school has operated under lay leadership.^{[17][18][28][29]}

The town saw a resurgence after the defeat of the prickly pear.^[30] Experimental work took place in the town to assess the success of the Cactoblastis cactorum moths in the eradication of the pest. In 1926, the first moth was released and by 1933 most of the affected land had been cleared of prickly pears.^[31]

Oak Park State School opened on 13 February 1946. It closed in 1962.^[17]

Wambo Creek State School opened on 2 April 1946. It closed in 1961.^[17]

Chinchilla State High School opened on 29 January 1963, replacing the secondary department at Chinchilla State School.^[17][18]

Chinchilla Christian School opened 1 January 1983.^[17][18] It was established by a group of local Christian parents. In 2014 it was renamed Chinchilla Christian College and in 2015 it joined the Christian Community Ministries network.^[32]

The Warwick Public Library opened in 1999 with a major refurbishment in 2012 and a minor refurbishment in 2016.^[33]

In the 2016 census the locality of Chinchilla had a population of 6,612 people:^[34]

• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 5.8% of the population.
• 80.2% of people were born in Australia. The next most common country of birth was New Zealand at 1.6%.
• 84.5% of people spoke only English at home.
• The most common responses for religion were Catholic 20.1%, Anglican 20.1% and No Religion 18.7%.

In 2018, Chinchilla won a national competition run by Wotif to create the Next Big Thing as a new tourist attraction. The 8-metre (26 ft) long Big Melon was installed next to the town's information centre in November 2018.^[35]

In the 2021 census, the locality of Chinchilla had a population of 7,068 people.^[1]

Sport

Chinchilla has a range of sports facilities and a variety of sports clubs. Chinchilla Aquatic Centre houses an indoor 25m heated pool, an outdoor 50m pool and a gymnasium. The Chinchilla Family Sports Centre provides facilities for many sports and clubs. There are also clubs and facilities for soccer (Chinchilla Bears,) touch football, rugby league, cricket, tennis, squash, motocross, gymnastics, indoor netball, taekwondo, football and lawn bowls. A fishing club, Pony Club, and shooting range also operate in the area. In addition, there are Polocrosse grounds, a race track, and 9 hole golf course. A Multipurpose Sports Centre Stadium is currently being developed.^[56]

Media

Rebel FM 97.1 (formerly Sun FM) was Chinchilla's first commercial FM radio station. Rebel FM has a new rock & classic rock music format. Rebel FM's sister station, The Breeze broadcasts on 95.5 FM with an easy adult contemporary & classic hits format. Both stations are part of the Gold Coast-based Rebel Media Group which operates a radio network that reaches the Gold Coast and South Brisbane to many centres throughout regional and outback Queensland.^{[citation needed]}

Chinchilla News and Murilla Advertiser is the local newspaper. The publication transitioned to digital only in June 2020^[57] prior to that it was published every Thursday.^[58]

Chinchilla Melon Festival

As Chinchilla produces 25% of Australia's melons (including watermelon, rockmelon and honeydew),^[49] the first Chinchilla Melon Festival was held in 1994 by local producers and businessmen, to lift the town's spirits after the severe drought experienced in the early 1990s. Estimated numbers at the first Festival were approximately 2,500 which grew to an estimate that there were 10,000 visitors on the main day of the 2011 festival.^[61]

In 2009, the Melon Festival won the Queensland Regional Achievement and Community Award for Tourism Event.^[62]

The Festival features interactive and unique events, such as Melon Skiing, Melon Bungee, Melon Bullseye, Melon Ironman, Melon Chariot, a pip spitting competition, and melon eating races. A special event held in 2009 saw John Allwood secure the Guinness World Record of Melon Head Smashing - cracking open as many watermelons as possible using only the head. Currently his record is 47 melons in a minute.^[63]