Early

The origins of Chiniot are obscure, and historical records accurately detailing its founding are unavailable.^[4] According to some accounts, the city was founded by an ancient king's daughter named Chandan, who while on a hunting expedition, was charmed by the surrounding area, and ordered the construction of the settlement of Chandaniot,^[5] alternatively spelt Chandniot,^[6] which was named in her honour. The name Chiniot, a contracted version of the original name, eventually gained favour,^[7] though the older name had been used up until at least the 1860s.^[8]

Mughal

During Mughal rule, Chiniot was governed as part of the subah, or province, of Lahore. The city reached its zenith under the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, and his governor of the area, Nawab Sadullah Khan of the Thahim tribe,^[5] who served between 1640 and 1656.^[9] Under Sadullah Khan's governorship, Chiniot's famous Shahi Mosque was built.^[5] Chiniot's artisans were renowned for their skill during the Mughal era, and were employed in the decoration of the Taj Mahal, and Lahore's Wazir Khan Mosque.^[6]

Mughal decline and Sial rule

Following the collapse of Mughal authority after the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707, the local Sial tribe, a tribe of Zamindar status, s under the rule of Walidad Khan was officially granted governorship of the area on account of his loyalty to the Delhi throne.^[5] Though nominally a part of the declining Mughal realm, Walidad Khan forged a largely independent state in western Punjab that controlled the region between Mankera and Kamalia^[5] Chiniot suffered heavily during the Durrani invasion of the late 1748.^[5]

Sikh

The Sial state around Chiniot was encroached upon by Sikh chieftains in the north, and from Multani chiefs in the south, before coming under control of the Bhangi Misl Sikhs by 1765.^[5] The Sikhs imposed an annual tribute on the Sial chief, Inayatullah Khan, which he ceased paying in 1778 before also capturing Chiniot.^[5] He died in 1787, though the city had reverted to Bhangi Sikh rule before his death.^[5]

The city suffered during the Sikh Misl states period in which the city region's Bhangis battled the Sukerchakia Misl.^[5] Chiniot was captured by Ranjit Singh in 1803, and thereafter became part of the Sikh Empire.^[5] The city was invested in Sial chief Ahmad Khan, who promised to pay tribute to Ranjit Singh's kingdom.^[5] Khan stopped paying tribute, and briefly seized full control of the region in 1808, but was decisively defeated by Ranjit Singh's forces in 1810.^[5]

British

The city came under British rule by 1849, and the city was constituted as a municipality in 1862.^[5] In 1875, the city's population was 11,999.^[5] During the British period, a vast network of canals was laid to irrigate Punjab, resulting in the creation of many new "canal colonies" around Chiniot.^[6] Chiniot's famous Omar Hayat Mahal was built between 1923 and 1935 for a businessman who made his fortune in Calcutta.^[10]

Location

Chiniot is at the intersection of the Faisalabad-Sargodha and Lahore-Jhang roads. It is 158 km (98 mi) northwest of Lahore and 38 km (24 mi) north of Faisalabad. Chiniot city is spread over an area of 10 km² (3.9 sq mi) with an average elevation of 179 metres (587 ft).

Rabwah city, the headquarters of the Ahmadiyya Community is on the other side of the Chenab River. In the center of river a worship center (or Chilla Gah) of the Sufi Bu Ali Shah Qalandar is located.

Topography

Chiniot city lies on left bank of the Chenab River, and is located on a small rocky hill. Much of the surrounding area consists of alluvial plains, interspersed with rocky outcroppings of slate and sandstone that reach up to 400 feet in height around Chiniot.^[8]

Libraries

After his death, Sheikh Omar Hayat's palace Omar Hayat Mahal was converted into a library by the Government of Pakistan.

Islamic occasions

In Chiniot people celebrate Islamic occasions with great arrangements. On 12 Rabi' al-awwal, 1440th birthday celebration of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, people of Chiniot arranged a 63-maund cake, one of the largest cakes in the world.^[26]

Furniture

Chiniot is known for its furniture. Chinioti craftsmen and artisans have for centuries carved flowers and geometric patterns onto cellulose fibres. Masons from Chiniot are thought to have been employed during the construction of the Taj Mahal and Golden Temple.^[27]

Sport

Cricket is the most popular sport in Chiniot. Football is also played here . Other popular sports include hockey, volleyball, basketball, badminton, tennis, kabbadi, and horse racing.