City_status_in_Indonesia

City status in Indonesia

City status in Indonesia

Administrative division of Indonesia

In Indonesian law, the term "city" (kota) is generally defined as the second-level administrative subdivision of the Republic of Indonesia, an equivalent to regency (kabupaten). The difference between a city and a regency is that a city has non-agricultural economic activities and a dense urban population, while a regency comprises predominantly rural areas and is larger in area than a city.[1] However, Indonesia historically had several classifications of cities.

According to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, the official dictionary of the Indonesian language, a city (kota) is "a densely populated area with high density and modern facilities and most of the population works outside of agriculture."[2]

Cities are divided into districts (Kecamatan, Distrik in Papua region,[3][4] or Kemantren in Yogyakarta).

Historical classification

Buitenzorg was granted city status (gemeente) by the government of the Dutch East Indies on 1 April 1905 [5]

Gemeente/municipality

During the Dutch East Indies period, a city was governed as gemeente, or municipality, since the decentralisation law in 1903. The gemeente was a third-level subdivision, below residentie (residency) and gouvernement (governorate) or provincie (province).[6]

Kota besar and kota kecil

The terms kota besar (big city), and kota kecil (small city or town), were used since the implementation of the Act Number 22 of 1948. Kota Besar was an urban equivalent of kabupaten (regency), which was the country's second level subdivision, just below province. Kota kecil, used for a small urban area, was the third-level division below regency and province.[7]

Kotaraya, kotamadya, and kotapraja

More information subdivision level, equivalence ...

According to the Act Number 18 of 1965, cities in Indonesia were classified into three: kotaraya (great city, first-level subdivision), kotamadya (medium city, second-level subdivision), and kotapraja (small city or town, third-level subdivision). Kotaraya is an equivalent of a province, kotamadya is an equivalent of a regency, while kotapraja is an equivalent of kecamatan (districts). Jakarta was the only city granted the kotaraya status, due to its function as the capital of Indonesia.[8]

The terms kotaraya and kotapraja had been abolished since 1974, and kotamadya was used for most of urban areas in Indonesia up to 1999. Jakarta continued to become the only urban area with a province status.[9]

Kota administratif

The term kota administratif (administrative city, not to be confused with kota administrasi) was used after the implementation of Act Number 5 of 1974. Kota administratif status was granted to a town inside the territory of a regency (kabupaten) that were deemed necessary in accordance with the town's growth and development. Kota administratif does not have autonomy and its own legislature, and was responsible to its parent regency.[9] The term kota administratif was abolished with the implementation of Act Number 22 of 1999, and all kota administratif were either granted full kota (city) status or dissolved and merged with its parent regency.[10]

Kota

See also: List of regencies and cities of Indonesia

The term kota (city) has been implemented to substitute kotamadya since the post-Suharto era in Indonesia.[10] Kota is headed by a mayor (walikota), who is directly elected via elections to serve for a five-year term, which can be renewed for one further five-year term. Each kota is divided further into districts, more commonly known as kecamatan.

Jakarta as a city

Jakarta City Hall, the seat of the governor of Jakarta

Jakarta, then known as Batavia, was the first city in the archipelago to be developed by the Dutch Empire. On the 4 March 1621, the first city government (stad) was created in Batavia, and on 1 April 1905, it became the very first municipality (gemeente) of the Dutch East Indies.[11] Upon Indonesian independence, it remains as the city within the province of West Java. With the release of the Act Number 1 of 1957, Jakarta became the first provincial-level city in Indonesia.[12] Although Jakarta is now written as a 'province' in Indonesian law products, it is still widely referred to as a city.[13][14][15][16] The United Nations (UN) classifies Jakarta as a 'city' on its statistical database.[17]

The Special Region of Jakarta consists of five 'administrative cities' and one 'administrative regency'. Unlike other actual cities in Indonesia, administrative cities in Jakarta are not self-governing, and were only created for bureaucracy purposes. The administrative cities do not have city councils, and their mayors were exclusively selected by the Governor of Jakarta without any public election. Ryas Rasyid, an Indonesian regional government expert, stated that Jakarta is a "province with a city management".[18] Anies Baswedan, the 17th Governor of Jakarta, asserted that "Jakarta has only an area of 600 square kilometres. It is a city with the province status."[19] Unlike other 37 Indonesian provinces whose governors work in a 'governor office' (Kantor Gubernur), the governor of Jakarta works in a city hall (Balai Kota DKI Jakarta).[20]

List of cities by date of incorporation

More information Date incorporated, First city status ...
Notes

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cities in Indonesia.

References

  1. [1]
    "Profil Daerah (regional profiles) >> Kabupaten". Kemendagri.go.id (in Indonesian). Pusdatin - Indonesian Ministry of Interior. Archived from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  2. [2]
    "kota". Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (in Indonesian). Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  3. [3]
    "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus Bagi Provinsi Papua". Article 1.k, Law No. 21 of 2001 (in Indonesian).
  4. [4]
    "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah". Article 1.24, Law No. 23 of 2014 (in Indonesian).
  5. [5]
    "Kota Bogor". Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  6. [6]
    Siska, Yulia (5 January 2018). Geografi Sejarah Indonesia. Penerbit Garudhawaca. ISBN 9786026581372 – via Google Books.
  7. [7]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 22 tahun 1948 tentang Penetapan Aturan-Aturan Pokok Mengenai Pemerintahan Sendiri Didaerah-Daerah yang Berhak Mengatur dan Mengurus Rumah Tangganya Sendiri". Law No. 22 of 1948 (in Indonesian).
  8. [8]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 18 tahun 1965 tentang Pokok-Pokok Pemerintahan Daerah". Law No. 18 of 1965 (in Indonesian).
  9. [9]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 5 tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Pemerintahan Daerah". Law No. 5 of 1974 (in Indonesian).
  10. [10]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 22 tahun 1999 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah". Law No. 22 of 1999 (in Indonesian).
  11. [11]
    "Profil Daerah > DKI Jakarta". Kemendagri.go.id (in Indonesian). Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  12. [12]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 1 tahun 1957 tentang Pokok-Pokok Pemerintahan Daerah". Law No. 1 of 1957 (in Indonesian).
  13. [13]
    Kurniawan, Arief (23 June 2015). "22 Facts About the City of Jakarta". Kompas. Archived from the original on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  14. [14]
    "Lurah as the Pioneer and Front Guard for the City of Jakarta". Jakarta Smart City. Archived from the original on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  15. [15]
    "Geography and Climate of the City of Jakarta". Jakarta Tourism and Culture Office. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  16. [16]
    "Restore the City According to Its Function". Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning. 20 December 2010. Archived from the original on 18 February 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  17. [17]
    "City population by sex, city and city type". data.UN.org. United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  18. [18]
    Ali (26 June 2008). "DKI Jakarta, Sebuah Kota yang Berstatus Provinsi?". hukumonline.com. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  19. [19]
    Gunadha, Reza; Muflih, Fakhri Fuadi (3 January 2020). "Soal Bencana, Anies: Jakarta Sebenarnya Kota Diganti Nama Jadi Provinsi". Suara.com. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  20. [20]
    Umasugi, Ryana Aryadita (13 July 2019). Maullana, Irfan (ed.). "Balai Kota DKI Jakarta, Saksi Kekuasaan Belanda dan Jepang hingga Berakhir sebagai Kota Istimewa Halaman all". Megapolitan.KOMPAS.com. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  21. [21]
    Ekajati, Edi Suhardi; Hardjasaputra, Sobana; Mardiana, Ietje (27 January 1985). "Sejarah Kota Bandung, 1945-1979". Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Sejarah Nasional – via Google Books.
  22. [22]
    "Sejarah Kota". Blitarkota.go.id. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  23. [23]
    "Kota Cirebon". Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  24. [24]
    "Selayang Pandang". Kedirikota.go.id. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  25. [25]
    Alsair, Ach. Hidayat (7 April 2020). "1 April 1906: Hari Jadi Makassar Versi Pemerintah Hindia-Belanda". Tribun. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  26. [26]
    "Hari Jadi Kota Magelang Di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19". magelangkota.go.id. 11 April 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  27. [27]
    Nas, P., ed. (27 January 1993). Urban Symbolism. BRILL. ISBN 9004098550 – via Google Books.
  28. [28]
    Alfian (Teuku.), Ibrahim; Kutoyo, Sutrisno; Kardarmadjadate=27 January 1983, M. Sunjata (1983). Sejarah perlawanan terhadap imperialisme dan kolonialisme di daerah Sumatra Selatan. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional – via Google Books.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  29. [29]
    "Sejarah Singkat". Pekalongankota.go.id. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  30. [30]
    Thian, Joe Lim (2004). Riwayat Semarang. Hasta Wahana. ISBN 9789799695215 – via Google Books.
  31. [31]
    Handinoto (1 January 1996). Perkembangan Kota Dan Arsitektur Kolonial Belanda Di Surabaya, 1870-1940. Diterbitkan atas kerjasama Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Kristen PETRA Surabaya dan Penerbit ANDI Yogyakarta. ISBN 9789795333739 – via Google Books.
  32. [32]
    "Sejarah Kota Tegal". Tegalkota.go.id. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  33. [33]
    "Sumatera Utara membangun". Pemerintah Daerah Sumatera Utara. 27 January 1976 – via Google Books.
  34. [34]
    Permana, Rizky Wahyu (1 April 2017). "Menelusuri langkah awal 103 tahun berdirinya kota Malang". Merdeka.com. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  35. [35]
    "Sejarah Kota Sukabumi". jdih.sukabumikota.go.id. 1 April 2017. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  36. [36]
    Sumatra-Instituut, Oostkust van (28 January 1917). "Kroniek" – via Google Books.
  37. [37]
    Lutter, Ton (2021). Burgemeesters in Nederlands-Indië 1916-1942 (in Dutch). Utrecht: Eburon. p. 199. ISBN 9789463013352 – via Google Books.
  38. [38]
    "Sejarah Kota". Salatiga.go.id. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  39. [39]
    "Sejarah Kota Madiun". Madiunkota.go.id. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  40. [40]
    "Sejarah Kota Mojokerto". Mojokertokota.go.id. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  41. [41]
    "Sejarah Pasuruan". Pasuruankota.go.id. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  42. [42]
    "Sejarah Gemeente Probolinggo Dalam Museum". Antaranews Jatim. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  43. [43]
    "Staatsblad van Nederlandsch-Indië voor ..., 1918, 01-01-1918". Resolver.kb.nl. 1 January 1918 – via Koninklijke Bibliotheek.
  44. [44]
    "Sejarah Daerah Kalimantan Selatan". Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. 28 January 1977 – via Google Books.
  45. [45]
    Kodongan, David (24 August 2021). "Catat, Sejarah Kota Manado dari Tahun 1623". Pikiran Rakyat.
  46. [46]
    "Swatantra". Balai Pembangunan Daerah. 28 January 1957 – via Google Books.
  47. [47]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 27 tahun 1959 tentang Penetapan Undang-Undang Darurat No. 3 Tahun 1953 Tentang Perpanjangan Pembentukan Daerah Tingkat II di Kalimantan (Lembaran-Negara Tahun 1953 No. 9), Sebagai Undang-Undang". Law No. 27 of 1959 (in Indonesian).
  48. [48]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 16 tahun 1947 tentang Pembentukan Haminte-Kota Surakarta". Law No. 16 of 1947 (PDF) (in Indonesian). Archived 29 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  49. [49]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 17 tahun 1947 tentang Pembentukan Haminte-Kota YogyaSurakarta". Law No. 17 of 1947 (PDF) (in Indonesian). Archived 29 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  50. [50]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 8 tahun 1956 tentang Pembentukan Daerah Otonom Kota-kecil Dalam Lingkungan Daerah Propinsi Sumatera Tengah". Law No. 8 of 1956 (PDF) (in Indonesian). Archived 1 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  51. [51]
    Antony, Noval Dhwinuari (18 July 2017). "Tugu Sukarno, Tiang Pancang Pembangunan Kota Palangka Raya". Detikcom (in Indonesian). Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  52. [52]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 29 tahun 1959 tentang Pembentukan Daerah Tingkat II Di Sulawesi". Law No. 29 of 1959 (in Indonesian).
  53. [53]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 60 tahun 1958 tentang Penetapan "Undang-Undang Darurat No. 23 Tahun 1957 Tentang Pembentukan Daerah-Daerah Swatantra Tingkat II Dalam Wilayah Daerah Swatantra Tingkat I Maluku" (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1957 No. 80), Sebagai Undang-Undang". Law No. 60 of 1958 (in Indonesian).
  54. [54]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 10 tahun 1965 tentang Pembentukan Kotapraja Sabang Dengan Mengubah Undang-Undang No.7 Drt Tahun 1956, tentang Pembentukan Daerah Otonom Kabupaten Di Propinsi Sumatera Utara". Law No. 10 of 1965 (in Indonesian).
  55. [55]
    "Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 tahun 1983 tentang Pembentukan Kotamadya Batam di Wilayah Propinsi Daerah Tingkat I Riau". Government Regulation No. 34 of 1983 (in Indonesian).
  56. [56]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 7 tahun 1990 tentang Pembentukan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Bitung". Law No. 7 of 1990 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  57. [57]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 1 tahun 1992 tentang Pembentukan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Denpasar". Law No. 1 of 1992 (in Indonesian).
  58. [58]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 2 tahun 1993 tentang Pembentukan Kotamadiya Daerah Tingkat II Tangerang". Law No. 2 of 1993 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  59. [59]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 4 tahun 1993 tentang Pembentukan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Mataram". Law No. 4 of 1993 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  60. [60]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 6 tahun 1993 tentang Pembentukan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Jayapura". Law No. 6 of 1993 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  61. [61]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 4 tahun 1994 tentang Pembentukan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Palu". Law No. 4 of 1994 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  62. [62]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 5 tahun 1995 tentang Pembentukan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Kendari". Law No. 5 of 1995 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  63. [63]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 5 tahun 1996 tentang Pembentukan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Kupang". Law No. 5 of 1996 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  64. [64]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 9 tahun 1996 tentang Pembentukan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Bekasi". Law No. 9 of 1996 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  65. [65]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 29 tahun 1997 tentang Pembentukan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Tarakan". Law No. 29 of 1997 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  66. [66]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 9 tahun 1999 tentang Pembentukan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Banjar Baru". Law No. 9 of 1999 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  67. [67]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 15 tahun 1999 Pembentukan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Depok Dan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Cilegon". Law No. 15 of 1999 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  68. [68]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 16 tahun 1999 tentang Pembentukan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Dumai". Law No. 16 of 1999 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  69. [69]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 12 tahun 1999 Pembentukan Daerah Tingkat II Way Kanan, Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Lampung Timur Dan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Metro". Law No. 12 of 1999 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  70. [70]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 11 tahun 1999 tentang Pembentukan Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Ternate". Law No. 11 of 1999 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  71. [71]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 47 tahun 1999 tentang Pembentukan Daerah Kabupaten Nunukan, Daerah Kabupaten Malinau, Daerah Kabupaten Kutai Barat, Daerah Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Dan Daerah Kota Bontang". Law No. 47 of 1999 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  72. [72]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 45 tahun 1999 tentang Pembentukan Daerah Propinsi Irian Jaya Tengah, Daerah Propinsi Irian Jaya Barat, Daerah Kabupaten Paniai, Daerah Kabupaten Mimika, Daerah Kabupaten Puncak Jaya, Dan Daerah Kabupaten Puncak Jaya Dan Daerah Kota Sorong". Law No. 45 of 1999 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  73. [73]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 11 tahun 2001 tentang Pembentukan Kota Batu". Law No. 11 of 2001 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  74. [74]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 13 tahun 2001 tentang Pembentukan Kota Bau-bau". Law No. 13 of 2001 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  75. [75]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 9 tahun 2001 tentang Pembentukan Kota Cimahi". Law No. 9 of 2001 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  76. [76]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 3 tahun 2001 tentang Pembentukan Kota Langsa". Law No. 3 of 2001 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  77. [77]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 2 tahun 2001 tentang Pembentukan Kota Lhokseumawe". Law No. 2 of 2001 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  78. [78]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 7 tahun 2001 tentang Pembentukan Kota Lubuk Linggau". Law No. 7 of 2001 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  79. [79]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 4 tahun 2001 tentang Pembentukan Kota Padang Sidempuan". Law No. 4 of 2001 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  80. [80]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 8 tahun 2001 tentang Pembentukan Kota Pagar Alam". Law No. 8 of 2001 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  81. [81]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 6 tahun 2001 tentang Pembentukan Kota Prabumulih". Law No. 6 of 2001 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  82. [82]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 12 tahun 2001 tentang Pembentukan Kota Singkawang". Law No. 12 of 2001 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  83. [83]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 5 tahun 2001 tentang Pembentukan Kota Tanjung Pinang". Law No. 5 of 2001 (in Indonesian). Archived 7 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  84. [84]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 10 tahun 2001 tentang Pembentukan Kota Tasikmalaya". Law No. 10 of 2001 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  85. [85]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 27 tahun 2002 tentang Pembentukan Kota Banjar Di Provinsi Jawa Barat". Law No. 27 of 2002 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  86. [86]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 13 tahun 2002 tentang Pembentukan Kota Bima Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat". Law No. 13 of 2002 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  87. [87]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 11 tahun 2002 tentang Pembentukan Kabupaten Mamasa Dan Kota Palopo Di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan". Law No. 11 of 2002 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  88. [88]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 12 tahun 2002 tentang Pembentukan Kota Pariaman Di Provinsi Sumatera Barat". Law No. 12 of 2002 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  89. [89]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 1 tahun 2003 tentang Pembentukan Kabupaten Halmahera Utara, Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan, Kabupaten Sula, Kabupaten Halmahera Timur, dan Kabu-paten Kota Tidore Kepulauan di Provinsi Maluku Utara". Law No. 1 of 2003 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  90. [90]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 10 tahun 2002 tentang Pembentukan Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan dan Kota Tomohon di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara". Law No. 10 of 2002 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  91. [91]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 4 tahun 2007 tentang Pembentukan Kota Kotamobagu di Provinsi Sulawesi utara". Law No. 4 of 2007 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  92. [92]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 8 tahun 2007 tentang Pembentukan Kota Subulussalam di Provinsi Naggroe Aceh Darussalam". Law No. 8 of 2007 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  93. [93]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 32 tahun 2007 tentang Pembentukan Kota Serang Di Provinsi Banten". Law No. 32 of 2007 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  94. [94]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 31 tahun 2007 tentang Pembentukan Kota Tual di Provinsi Maluku". Law No. 31 of 2007 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  95. [95]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 25 tahun 2008 tentang Pembentukan Kota Sungai Penuh Di Provinsi Jambi". Law No. 25 of 2008 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  96. [96]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 47 tahun 2008 tentang Pembentukan Kota Gunungsitoli Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara". Law No. 47 of 2008 (in Indonesian). Archived 4 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  97. [97]
    "Undang-undang Nomor 51 tahun 2008 tentang Pembentukan Kota Tangerang Selatan Di Provinsi Banten". Law No. 51 of 2008 (in Indonesian). Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article City_status_in_Indonesia, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.