Clan_MacLellan

Clan MacLellan

Clan MacLellan

Lowland Scottish clan

The Clan MacLellan is a Scottish clan of the Scottish Lowlands.[2][3][4] The clan does not currently have a chief therefore it is considered an Armigerous clan.[2]

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History

The private coat of arms of Lord Kirkcudbright,[5] the last Chief of the Name and Arms of MacLellan.
arms— argent two chevrons Sable;
crest— a naked cubit arm, supporting upon the point of a sword, erect, a moor's head, all ppr.;
supporters— Dexter: a chevalier in complete armour, holding in his right hand a baton, all ppr.; Sinister: a horse argent furnished gules;
Mottoes— Think on; and Superba frango

Origins

The name MacLellan is derived from Mac-a-ghille-dhiolan[1] which means son of the bastard, and appears originally in the 1273 charter for Sweetheart Abbey as McGillolane.[6] The leadership of the clan can be traced back to Cane McGillolane, a knight in the service of John Balliol in the later thirteenth century. Cane was the son of Thomas of Galloway,[7][8] who was the illegitimate son of Alan of Galloway. Cane's son, Donald Mac Cane (The Lord Donald) resided on Threave Island[9] until he was removed by Edward Bruce. Donald was then replaced with the new Lord of Galloway, the Black Douglas, igniting a feud that lasted for well over a century. Threave Island was a residence for the prior Lords of Galloway, including Fergus and Cane's grandfather, Alan.[10] Donald's son, Gillebertus MacLelan Galvediensis[11] was Captain of Clenconnan[12] and was Bishop of Sodor and Man.[3] Lord Gilbert's brother was Cuthbert of Galloway.[13][14]

Wars of Scottish Independence

During the Wars of Scottish Independence, McGillolanes backed their cousin John Balliol. In 1305, Patrick M'Lolan was recorded capturing Dumfries Castle from The Bruce. After Balliol was deposed at the hands of Edward I, MacLellans still opposed Bruce, helping to re-capture Dumfries Castle following the murder of the rival claimant Sir John Comyn.[15] With Balliol ascended to the throne of Scotland, M'Lolanes could take their rightful place as Lords of Galloway. Under Bruce, that title would fall to Douglas.

15th century and clan conflicts

After maintaining forlorn support for the house of Baliol into the mid-fourteenth century, the MacLellans were ushered back into service of the Scottish crown under David II. So successful was their reintegration that during the early 15th century there were reputedly no fewer than fourteen knights in Galloway of the name MacLellan.[2] One of these, Sir Alexander MacLellan was cited by the sixteenth-century historian David Hume of Godscroft (drawing on the monastic Book of Pluscarden) as the Scotsman who slew the duke of Clarence while fighting in French service at the Battle of Baugé in 1421. In 1451, The Tutor of Bomby,[16] Sir Patrick Maclellan, Sheriff of Galloway clashed repeatedly with William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas over outbreaks of lawlessness committed by the earl's retainers. These conflicts culminated when MacLellan rejected Douglas's appeal to join an aristocratic conspiracy against King James II. Douglas captured the sheriff and imprisoned him in Threave Castle. MacLellan's uncle, Sir Andrew Gray of Foulis held high royal office and sent his son, Sir Patrick Gray, into Galloway, with letters from the crown ordering Douglas to release his prisoner. However, Douglas had MacLellan murdered when presented with the royal warrant, whilst he entertained his guest at dinner.[2] Patrick Gray escaped from the castle, and his vow of revenge was realized in brutal form when he stood at the forefront of the loyalist nobles who assassinated the earl of Douglas in front of the king at Stirling in February 1452. Local tradition holds that the MacLellans themselves used the celebrated Scottish cannon Mons Meg to batter down Threave Castle in retribution for the murder of their chief.[2] The MacLellan's use of the Mons-Meg cannon against Douglas became symbolized in an additional crest with A Mortar-Piece and the motto Superba frango which translates to I humble proud things.[17]

As the feud escalated n the following generation, the MacLellan estates were forfeited after repeated raids on the Kirkcudbrightshire lands of the Clan Douglas.[2] However, James II restored the family to their lands when Sir William MacLellan, son of Sir Patrick captured the leader of a band of gypsies who had been terrorizing the district.[2] William carried the head of the brigand to the king on the point of his sword.[2] The story is one explanation for the MacLellan clan crest, however a Moors' head has also been considered as an allusion to the Crusades[2] or potentially connected to the similar, prior Lords of Bomby's crest, The Adairs. These events established the MacLellans as a bastion of support for the Stewart crown in a region prone to lawlessness and aristocratic powerplay. Their affiliation was confirmed in 1488 when Sir Thomas MacLellan supported James III against the rebellion that ended in the death of the king after the Battle of Sauchieburn. With most of the magnates of the south-west and the borders fighting in support of the insurrection, MacLellan's residence was burned to the ground after the monarch's defeat.[18]

16th century and Anglo-Scottish Wars

The family suffered severely during the Anglo-Scottish Wars of the reigns of James IV and James V. Sir William Maclellan of Bombie was knighted by King James IV of Scotland but was killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513 fighting for the king.[19][2] William's son, Thomas, was killed in Edinburgh at the door of St Giles' Cathedral by Gordon of Lochinvar in 1526.[2] Thomas's younger brother, William Maclellan of Nunton presided over the family as Tutor of Bombie while Thomas's son was in infancy, and mobilised the successful defence of Kirkcudbright against English besiegers in 1547. The younger Thomas Maclellan was killed in the same year at the Battle of Pinkie. In the following generation, Sir Thomas Maclellan of Bombie fought for Mary, Queen of Scots at the Battle of Langside, and prospered subsequently under her son James VI.[20] He served as Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the king, and as provost of Kirkcudbright, constructing MacLellan's Castle as a fashionable gentleman's residence overseeing the town.

17th century and Civil War

Sir Robert MacLellan, was a courtier both to James VI and Charles I.[2] In 1633 he was raised to the peerage as Lord Kirkcudbright.[2] During the Scottish Civil War the third Lord was such a zealous royalist that he incurred enormous debts in the king’s cause.[2] As a result, the estates were completely ruined.[2]

18th to 19th centuries

There were two claimants to the chief's title at the beginning of the 18th century and the dispute was finally settled by the House of Lords in 1761.[2] However, the title became dormant again when the tenth Lord died in Bruges in 1832.[2]

Castle

MacLellan's Castle

MacLellan's Castle, found in Kirkcudbright in south-west Scotland was the seat of the chief of Clan MacLellan. The castle's beginnings lie in the Reformation of 1560 which led to the abandonment of the Convent of Greyfriars which had stood on the site since 1449. The materials used to build the castle were taken from Lochfergus in Bomby in 1582 from a castle previously owned by the Lords of Galloway and where John M'Lelan of Lochfergus is mentioned in 1448.[21]

Hebridean MacLellans

There are concentrations of MacLellans found in the Western Isles on Uist. The surname borne by these MacLellans is represented by the Gaelic Mac Gille Fhialain, instead of the usual form Mac Gille Fhaolain borne by other MacLellans.[22][note 1] The Uist MacLellans were once known collectively as Na Faolanaich. The North Uist MacLellans are also known as Clann Iain Mhóir, after Iain Mór (John Mor MacLellan), a seventeenth-century ancestor. It is possible that this family descends from South Uist MacLellans who migrated to North Uist.[22]

See also

  • Black Morrow, traditional story of the crest used in MacLellan heraldry.
  • Maure, the head of a Moor used in heraldry.

Notes

  1. [N 1]
    Other forms of the Gaelic surname borne by the Uist MacLellans include: Mac 'ill' Fhialain,[23] and MacIllFhialain.[24]

References

  1. [1]
    Lower, Mark Antony (1860). Patronymica Britannica: A Dictionary of The Family Names of The United Kingdom. 36 Soho Square, London and Lewes: John Russell Smith and G. P. Bacon. p. 209. Retrieved 2 November 2022.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  2. [2]
    Way, George and Squire, Romily. Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). Published in 1994. Pages 424 - 425.
  3. [3]
    McCulloch, Andrew (2000). A Land Apart. Galloway.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. [4]
    "History Kirkcudbright". heritagearchaeology.com.au. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
  5. [5]
    Burke, John (1832). A General And Heraldic Dictionary of The Peerage And Baronetage of The British Empire. Vol. II. New Burlington Street, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley. pp. 43-44. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  6. [6]
    Selby, Walford Dakin; Harwood, H. W. Forsyth; Murray, Keith W (1900). The Genealogist. Vol. XVI. York Street, Covent Garden, London and Exeter: George Bell & Sons and William Pollard & Co. p. 218. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  7. [7]
    "Old Kirkcudbright". old-kirkcudbright.net. November 1891. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  8. [8]
    Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society. Third. Vol. LXXIX. 2005. p. 105. Retrieved 5 November 2022. Thomas of Galloway, his wife and his son
  9. [9]
    Barbour, John (2010). The Bruce. Canongate Books. p. 345.
  10. [10]
    Barbour, John Gordon. Lights and Shadows of Scottish Character and Scenery. pp. 17–18.
  11. [11]
    Munch, Peter Andreas; Goss, Alexander (1874). Chronica regvm Manniæ et insvlarvm. Vol. XXII. Douglas, Isle of Man: Manx Society for the Publication of National Documents. pp. 118-119. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  12. [12]
    (RMS i, App. 2, no. 912, A & B)
  13. [13]
    The Chronicle of Man: Et Cudberto, frater domini Gilberti, quondam Episcopi in pattern expensarum factarum circa sepulturam ejusdcm. 1329. p. iiii lib.
  14. [14]
    "People of Medieval Scotland. PoMS no 19464 - Cuthbert of Galloway". poms.ac.uk. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  15. [15]
    Paul, James Balfour (1908). The Scots Peerage - Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland - Containing an Historical And Genealogical Account of The Nobility of That Kingdom. Vol. V. Edinburgh: David Douglas. p. 256. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  16. [16]
    Agnew, Andrew (1864). The Agnews of Lochnaw: A History of the Hereditary Sheriffs of Galloway. Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black. p. 69. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  17. [17]
    Fairbairn, James (1905). Fairbairn's Book of Crests of The Families of Great Britain And Ireland. Vol. I. 34 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London and Edinburgh: T. C & E. C Jack. p. 80. Retrieved 5 November 2022. MacKlellan{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  18. [18]
    Dawson, Jane (2007). Scotland Re-formed, 1488-1587.
  19. [19]
    Guthrie, William (1767). A General History of Scotland. Vol. 4. Paternoster Row, London: A. Hamilton, Robinson and Roberts. pp. 371-373. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  20. [20]
    Agnew, Andrew (1893). The Hereditary Sheriffs of Galloway. Vol. I. 10 Castle Street, Edinburgh: David Douglas. pp. 256 and 393-394. Retrieved 5 November 2022.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  21. [21]
    McKerlie, P. H (1878). "Old Kirkcudbright - History of The Lands and Their Owners in Galloway". old-kirkcudbright.net. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  22. [22]
    Matheson, W (1983). "Notes on North Uist Families". Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness. 52: 318–372 – via Google Books.
  23. [23]
    MacLellan, A (1997). Stories From South Uist. Edinburgh: Birlinn. ISBN 1-874744-26-2.
  24. [24]
    Mac an Tàilleir, I (2016). "Ainmean Pearsanta" (DOCX). Retrieved 21 December 2018 – via Sabhal Mòr Ostaig.
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