Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel

Close-mid front unrounded vowel

Close-mid front unrounded vowel

Vowel sound represented by ⟨e⟩ in IPA

"/e/" redirects here. For the operating system, see /e/ (operating system).

The close-mid front unrounded vowel, or high-mid front unrounded vowel,[1] is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨e⟩.

Quick Facts e, IPA number ...
More information IPA: Vowels, Front ...
Spectrogram of [e]

For the close-mid front unrounded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol ⟨ɪ⟩ or ⟨i⟩, see near-close front unrounded vowel. If the usual symbol is ⟨e⟩, the vowel is listed here.

Features

Occurrence

More information Language, Word ...

See also

Notes

  1. [1]
    While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".
  2. [2]
    Wissing (2016), section "The unrounded mid-front vowel /ɛ/".
  3. [3]
    Traunmüller (1982), cited in Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:290)
  4. [4]
    Mikael Madeg, Traité de prononciation du breton du Nord-Ouest à l’usage des bretonnants, Emgleo Breiz, Brest, 2010
  5. [5]
    Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 54.
  6. [6]
    Chen & Gussenhoven (2015), p. 328.
  7. [7]
    Grønnum (1998), p. 100.
  8. [8]
    Basbøll (2005), p. 45.
  9. [9]
    Verhoeven (2005), p. 245.
  10. [10]
    Harrington, Cox & Evans (1997).
  11. [11]
    Gordon & Maclagan (2004), p. 609.
  12. [12]
    Wells (1982), p. 487.
  13. [13]
    Wells (1982), p. 626.
  14. [14]
    Mahboob & Ahmar (2004), p. 1010.
  15. [15]
    Watt & Allen (2003), pp. 268–269.
  16. [16]
    Scobbie, Gordeeva & Matthews (2006), p. 7.
  17. [17]
    Deterding (2000), p. ?.
  18. [18]
    "Week 18 (ii). Northern Ireland" (PDF).
  19. [19]
    Collins & Mees (1990), p. 95.
  20. [20]
    Watson, Kevin (2007), "Liverpool English" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (3): 351–360, doi:10.1017/s0025100307003180, S2CID 232345844
  21. [21]
    Watson, Kevin (2007), "Liverpool English" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (3): 358, doi:10.1017/s0025100307003180, S2CID 232345844
  22. [22]
    Wells (1982), p. 305.
  23. [23]
    Asu & Teras (2009), p. 368.
  24. [24]
    Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 73.
  25. [25]
    Collins & Mees (2013), p. 225.
  26. [26]
    Kohler (1999), p. 87.
  27. [27]
    Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 34.
  28. [28]
    Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), pp. 64–65.
  29. [29]
    Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 64.
  30. [30]
    Trudgill (2009), pp. 83–84.
  31. [31]
    Trudgill (2009), p. 81.
  32. [32]
    Laufer (1999), p. 98.
  33. [33]
    Kráľ (1988), p. 92.
  34. [34]
    Szende (1994), p. 92.
  35. [35]
    Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 119.
  36. [36]
    Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999), p. 159.
  37. [37]
    Peters (2006), p. 119.
  38. [38]
    Verhoeven (2007), p. 221.
  39. [39]
    Vanvik (1979), pp. 13–14.
  40. [40]
    Kvifte & Gude-Husken (2005), p. 4.
  41. [41]
    Allison (2006).
  42. [42]
    Jassem (2003), p. 106.
  43. [43]
    Cruz-Ferreira (1995), p. 91.
  44. [44]
    Jones & Ward (1969), pp. 41, 44.
  45. [45]
    Peters (2019), p. ?.
  46. [46]
    Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999), p. 137.
  47. [47]
    Doke & Mofokeng (1974), p. ?.
  48. [48]
    Engstrand (1999), p. 140.
  49. [49]
    Rosenqvist (2007), p. 9.
  50. [50]
    Bamgboṣe (1966), p. 166.

References
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This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.