The Constituent Cortes (Spanish: Las Cortes Constituyentes) is the description of Spain's parliament, the Cortes, when convened as a constituent assembly.^[1]

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In the 20th century, only one Constituent Cortes was officially opened (Cortes are "opened" in accordance with a mediaeval royal proclamation), and that was the Republican Cortes in 1931. It drafted a new constitution but its work was overturned by the victory of the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War.

The Cortes in 1977 enacted a new Spanish constitution which it had drafted. It was never officially considered "constituent", as the assembly chosen in the 1977 general elections was not mandated at the time to create a new constitution, but to rule under the constitution of the former dictatorship – the so-called Leyes Fundamentales (fundamental laws).

• Convention Parliament
• Constitutional convention (political meeting)
• Spanish transition to democracy