Conurbation
Conurbation
Group of settlements linked by continuous urban area
A conurbation is a region comprising a number of metropolises, cities, large towns, and other urban areas which, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area. In most cases, a conurbation is a polycentric urbanised area in which transportation has developed to link areas. They create a single urban labour market or travel to work area.[1]
Patrick Geddes coined the term in his book Cities In Evolution (1915). He drew attention to the ability of the new technology at the time of electric power and motorised transport to allow cities to spread and agglomerate together, and gave as examples "Midlandton" in England, the Ruhr in Germany, Randstad in the Netherlands, and the Northeastern Seaboard in the United States.[2]
The term as described is used in Britain whereas in the United States, each polycentric "metropolitan area" may have its own common designation such as San Francisco Bay Area or the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. Internationally the term "urban agglomeration" is often used to convey a similar meaning to "conurbation".[3][4] A conurbation should be contrasted with a megalopolis. In a megalopolis the urban areas are close but not physically contiguous, and the merging of labour markets has not yet developed. A conurbation should also be contrasted with a megacity. A megacity is hierarchical with an indisputable dominant urban core, whereas a conurbation is polycentric and no single urban centre has the dominant role over all other centres.
Mauritius
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The cities and towns of Port Louis, Beau Bassin-Rose Hill, Curepipe, Quatre Bornes, Vacoas-Phoenix and other urbanized villages form a large and central conurbation on the island of Mauritius. A large part of this conurbation is located in the district of Plaines Wilhems. The network of urban areas has a total population of 606,650 (49% of the island's population) as of 2011.
Morocco
Nigeria
Lagos is a conurbation formed through the merged development of the initial Lagos city area with other cities and towns including Ikeja and Ojo. Also various suburban communities such as Agege, Alimosho, Ifako-Ijaiye, Kosofe, Mushin, Oshodi and Shomolu are included in the area.[6]
South Africa
Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni (East Rand), and Tshwane (greater Pretoria) merged to form a region that has a population of 14.6 million.[7]
Australia
Albury-Wodonga
Albury and Wodonga are cross border cities which are geographically separated by the Murray River. Albury on the north of the river is part of New South Wales, while Wodonga on the south bank is in Victoria. In the early 1970s Albury-Wodonga was selected as the primary focus of the Whitlam government's scheme to arrest the uncontrolled growth of Australia's large metropolitan areas (in particular Sydney and Melbourne) by encouraging decentralisation.[8] The two cities combine to form an urban area with an estimated population of 93,603.[9]
Canberra-Queanbeyan
A cross border built-up area comprising the nation's capital Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory and the city of Queanbeyan in New South Wales, which is considered by the Australian Bureau of Statistics to have a single labour market.[10]
Newcastle, Sydney, Wollongong
This conurbation in New South Wales extends from Newcastle and surrounding satellite towns of the Hunter Valley through the Central Coast. It is broken up only by waterways and national parks, through to the greater Sydney metropolitan area and the Wollongong urban area. The total length from the top to the bottom of the conurbation is around 270km with a population of just over 6 million people.[11]
Transport is linked throughout the region by motorways, the M1, M2, M4, M5, M7, M8, M15 and M31. An extensive public transport network allows for commuting for work or services across and between multiple distinct but joined centres, with NSW TrainLink's intercity network serving Sydney, the Central Coast, Newcastle, the Hunter Valley and the Illawarra.
Plans for making Wollongong, Sydney and Newcastle a single city have been around since the 1960s. A report titled The Committee for Sydney contains a chapter called The Sandstone Mega-Region, Uniting Newcastle, the Central Coast, Sydney, Wollongong (since all of the cities are in a geological region called the Sydney Basin, which is made up of Sydney sandstone). The report says that the link would benefit the "six cities" within the region, which are: Illawarra and Wollongong, the Western City (Greater Western Sydney), the Central City (Parramatta), the Eastern City (Sydney central business district, eastern suburbs, and Northern Sydney), the Central Coast (Gosford) and Newcastle (including Lake Macquarie).[12]
Greater Perth
The Perth Metropolitan Region, and Peel regions form a continuous urban area in Western Australia more than 130 km (80 miles) long, on a north–south axis. It is sometimes known as Greater Perth and has a population of more than 2.3 million (2023).[13] Introduction of the Mandurah railway line in 2007 made it possible for commuters to travel the 70 km (43.5 mi) from Mandurah to Perth in 51 minutes.
South East Queensland
A built-up area 200 kilometres long[14] which is centred on Brisbane, includes the local government areas (LGAs) of Gold Coast, Ipswich, Logan City, Moreton Bay, Redland City, Sunshine Coast, Noosa Shire, and Tweed Heads, New South Wales. This area is served by a single public transport network, Translink.
Broader definitions of South East Queensland are also used, including the separate built-up area of Toowoomba (140 kilometres; 87 miles west of Brisbane), which is not part of the Translink network. Expansive definitions of South East Queensland give it a population of more than 3.4 million people (2014),[15] covers 22,420 square kilometres (8,660 sq mi), incorporates ten LGAs, and extends 240 kilometres (150 mi) from Noosa in the north to the Gold Coast (some sources include Tweed Heads).
Greater Darwin
The Greater Darwin metropolitan area is a built-up urban area in the Northern Territory that spans across two cities: Darwin (the capital of the Northern Territory) and Palmerston (Darwin's satellite city). It lies within three local government areas: the City of Darwin, Litchfield Municipality and the City of Palmerston.
New Zealand
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In 2010 Auckland became a unitary authority encompassing seven former city and district councils including Auckland City, Manukau City, North Shore City and Waitakere City as well as a number of smaller towns, rural area and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Auckland Council is the largest council in Australasia and the region has a population of 1,529,300, being almost 33% of the total population of New Zealand. The entire urban area rather than the constituent administrative city was often referred to as "Auckland" by New Zealanders long before formal recognition.
The Wellington Metropolitan Area compromises the four cities of Wellington City, Porirua and the cities of Lower Hutt and Upper Hutt, together known as Hutt Valley. The Wellington Metropolitan Area is the second largest urban population in New Zealand with a population of 440,900 as of the 2023 census (or 550,500 if the Wairarapa region is included), followed by Christchurch City at 396,200.[16]
Canada
Golden Horseshoe (Ontario)
The "Golden Horseshoe" is a densely populated and industrialized region centred on the west end of Lake Ontario in Southern Ontario, Canada. The largest cities in the region are Toronto, Mississauga, Oakville, Burlington, St. Catharines, Niagara Falls, Brampton, and Hamilton.[17] If metropolitan areas (which are somewhat distinct from the core urban area of the Golden Horseshoe by about 30 to 50 km of less developed and semi-rural land) are included (similar to Combined Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States as defined by United States Office of Management and Budget), the total population is 8.8 million people. This is slightly over a quarter (25.6%) of the population of Canada, approximately 75% of Ontario's population, and one of the largest metropolitan areas in North America.[18]
The larger area is named the Greater Golden Horseshoe and includes the metropolitan areas of Kitchener (including adjacent cities it is often referred to as Waterloo Region), Barrie, Guelph, Peterborough, and Brantford. The Greater Golden Horseshoe is also part of the Windsor-Quebec Corridor and its southeastern boundary is across the Niagara River from the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area in the United States.
Greater Montreal (Quebec)
Greater Montreal is Canada's second-largest conurbation.[19] Statistics Canada defines the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) as having 4,258.31 square kilometres (1,644.14 sq mi) and a population of 3,824,221 as of 2011, which represents almost half of the population of the province of Quebec. Slightly smaller, there are 82 municipalities grouped under the Montreal Metropolitan Community to coordinate issues such as land planning, transportation, and economic development.
Lower Mainland (British Columbia)
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British Columbia's Lower Mainland is the most populated area in Western Canada. It consists of many mid-sized contiguous urban areas, including Vancouver, North Vancouver (city and district municipality), West Vancouver, Burnaby, New Westminster, Richmond, Surrey, and Coquitlam, among others. The Lower Mainland population is around 2.5 million (as of 2011) and the area has one of the highest growth rates on the continent of up to 9.2 percent from the 2006 census.
Ottawa-Gatineau / National Capital Region
The National Capital Region (NCR) is made up of the capital, Ottawa, and neighbouring Gatineau which is located across the Ottawa River. As Ottawa is in Ontario and Gatineau is in Quebec, it is a unique conurbation. Federal government buildings are located in both cities and many workers live in one city and work in the other. The National Capital Region consists of an area of 5,319 square kilometres that straddles the boundary between the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The area of the National Capital Region is very similar to that of the Ottawa-Gatineau Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) although the National Capital Region contains a number of small neighbouring communities that are not contained within the CMA. When all the communities are included, the population of the area is about 1,500,000. Ottawa-Gatineau is the only CMA in the nation to fall within two provinces and is the fourth largest.[20]
Mexico
Mexico City (CDMX)
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The "CDMX" is the most densely populated center in North America. Greater Mexico City refers to the conurbation around Mexico City, officially called Valley of Mexico Metropolitan Area (Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México), constituted by Mexico City itself composed of 16 Municipalities—and 41 adjacent municipalities of the states of Mexico and Hidalgo. However for normative purposes,[further explanation needed] Greater Mexico City most commonly refers to the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico (Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México) an agglomeration that incorporates 18 additional municipalities. As of 2019 an estimated 27,782,000 people lived in Greater Mexico City, making it the largest metropolitan area in North America. It is surrounded by thin strips of highlands which separate it from other adjacent metropolitan areas, of which the biggest are Puebla, Toluca, and Cuernavaca-Cuautla, and together with which it makes up the Mexico City megalopolis.
Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara)
The Guadalajara conurbation in the state of Jalisco (colloquially known as the City of Guadalajara, as that is the state capital and most populous of the cities) comprises seven municipalities: Guadalajara, Zapopan, Tlaquepaque, Tonalá, El Salto, Zapotlanejo, and Tlajomulco de Zúñiga. Officially two other cities (Juanacatlán and Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos) are also considered part of the Metropolitan Area, though they are not contiguous with the other seven. The area had an estimated population of 4 500 000 in 2010, spread over a combined area of 2,734 square kilometres (1,056 sq mi).[21]
United States
Puerto Rico
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The Caribbean area has a conurbation in Puerto Rico consisting of San Juan, Bayamón, Guaynabo, Carolina, Canóvanas, Trujillo Alto, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Cataño, and Caguas. This area is colloquially known as the "Área Metropolitana", and houses around 1.4 million inhabitants spread over an area of approximately 396.61 square kilometers (153.13 sq mi), making it the largest city in the Caribbean by area.
New York Tri-state area
One example of a conurbation is the expansive concept of the New York metropolitan area (the Tri-state region) centered on New York City, including 30 counties spread among New York State, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania, with an estimated population of 21,961,994 in 2007.[22] Approximately one-fifteenth of all U.S. residents live in the Greater New York City area, the world's most brightly illuminated urban conurbation and largest urban landmass. This conurbation is the result of several central cities whose urban areas have merged.[citation needed]
Greater Boston Area
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Holding a population of 7,427,336 as of 2005, the Combined Statistical Area including Greater Boston consists of Boston proper and a collection of distinct but intertwined cities including Providence, Rhode Island, Worcester, Massachusetts, and Manchester, New Hampshire. Most importantly, the cities that compose the Greater Boston CSA are interlinked by heavy public transportation infrastructure, maintain continuously urban interstices, and hold mutual commuting patterns.
San Francisco Bay Area
Another conurbation is the combination of the metropolitan areas of San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose and several minor urban centers with a combined population of nearly 8 million people, known as the San Francisco Bay Area.[23]
Greater Los Angeles Area
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The Greater Los Angeles Area consists of the merging of several distinct central cities and counties, including Los Angeles, Orange County, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura. This area is also often referred to simply as Southern California or colloquially as SoCal (a larger region which includes San Diego). In 2016, Southern California had a population of 23,800,500, making it slightly larger than the New York Tri-State Area, and is projected to remain so due to a faster growth rate. But because Southern California is not yet a recognized Combined Statistical Area by the United States Office of Management and Budget, the New York Tri-State Area officially remains the nation's largest as of now.
Greater Houston area
An example of a conurbation is seen in Greater Houston. Centered in Houston, the area is continuously urbanized from the coastal areas of Galveston extending through the northern side of the metro area, including The Woodlands, Conroe, and Spring, and going up to Huntsville. The suburbs of Fort Bend County, Texas extend through the cities of the Galveston Bay Area and beyond. It has a population of 7,197,883.[24]
Baltimore–Washington Area
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The traditionally separate metropolitan areas of Baltimore and Washington, D.C. have shared suburbs and a continuous urbanization between the two central cities (Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area).
San Diego–Tijuana
The largest conurbation between the United States and Mexico is San Diego–Tijuana. It includes the two countries' busiest border crossing and a shared economy.[25]
Dallas–Fort Worth
Three large cities—Dallas, Fort Worth, and Arlington—make up this area. Each city is linked by bordering city limits or suburbs. The area is also known as the Dallas–Fort Worth "metroplex", so called because it has more than one principal anchor city of nearly equal size or importance, and is included in the emerging megalopolis known as the Texas Triangle. According to Texas Monthly, the term is a portmanteau of the terms "metropolitan" and "complex"[26] and was created by a local advertising agency, TracyLocke.[26] The North Texas Commission trademarked the term "Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex" in 1972 as a replacement for the previously ubiquitous term "North Texas".[27] Urban areas with smaller secondary anchor cities (including Mexico City, New York City, Los Angeles, Houston, Chicago, and Phoenix) are not considered to be conurbations.
Detroit–Windsor
The major U.S. city of Detroit lies immediately across the Detroit River from Windsor, Ontario in Canada. In many respects—economically, historically, culturally, socially, and geographically—Windsor is more a part of Metro Detroit than of Ontario. The two cities and their surrounding suburbs are commonly referred to collectively as the Detroit–Windsor area. The Detroit-Windsor border is the largest commercial border crossing in North America and the busiest between the two countries.[28]
South Florida
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The entire tri-county area also known as the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metropolitan area is now continuously urbanized along a roughly 100 miles (161 km) length of the Florida east coast as well as extending inland and continuing south of Miami as far as Florida City. Although this is generally all referred to as a single metropolitan area, not a conurbation, it is sometimes broken up into the Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and West Palm Beach metros.
Minneapolis–St. Paul
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Minneapolis–Saint Paul is the most populous urban area in the state of Minnesota, and is composed of 182 cities and townships built around the Mississippi, Minnesota, and St. Croix rivers. The area is also nicknamed the Twin Cities for its two largest cities, Minneapolis, with the highest population and Saint Paul, the state capital.
Quad Cities
The Quad Cities is a metropolitan area located along the border of Illinois and Iowa. Straddling the Mississippi River as it flows west, the area once known as the "Tri Cities" consists of a handful of larger cities and smaller municipalities that have grown together. The largest cities include Rock Island, Moline, and East Moline in Illinois as well as Davenport and Bettendorf in Iowa.
Stamford-Hartford
Hartford is the capital city of Connecticut and fourth largest by population. Together, with Waterbury, New Haven, Bridgeport, and Stamford, these five cities form a conurbation, as people continue moving into the suburbs of these cities from rural areas, and the Boston and New York City metropolitan areas. Majority of Connecticut's growth in the last decade was centered in and around these five cities. Combined, the population exceeds 1 million.
The Valley of the Sun
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Phoenix is the capital and most populous city in Arizona. It is the center of The Valley of the Sun which is recognized by the United States Census Bureau as Chandler, Mesa, and Phoenix in the MSA. Other communities in the metropolitan area include Scottsdale, Glendale, Tempe, Gilbert, and Peoria.
The Front Range Urban Corridor
Denver is the capital and most populous city in Colorado, as well as the most populous municipality in the Front Range Urban Corridor. This conurbation encompasses 18 counties in Colorado and Wyoming and had an estimated population of 4,976,781 in 2018, an increase of 14.84% since the 2010 United States Census.[29]
Full article in Spanish Wikipedia: List of Conurbations in South America
Argentina
| Conurbation | Population | Year | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buenos AiresGreater Buenos Aires | 13,641,973[30] | 2010 | Metro region excluding La Plata and its metro area (an additional 694,253 [ INDEC ]). |
- Greater Buenos Aires (12.046.799) – Greater La Plata (694.253) – Zárate / Campana
Brazil
The entire Rio–São Paulo area is also sometimes considered a conurbation, and plans are in the works to connect the cities with a high-speed rail. However the government of Brazil does not consider this area a single unit for statistical purposes, and population data may not be reliable.
| Conurbation | Population | Year | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| São PauloCME São Paulo | 27,640,577[31] | 2009 | The CME of São Paulo is federally defined as the São Paulo Metro region (RMSP) and its conurbations. | |
| Rio de JaneiroRM Rio de Janeiro | 12,330,186[32] | 2016 | Metropolitan region. | |
| Minas GeraisRM Belo Horizonte | 5,916,189[33] | 2018 | Usually referred to as the Greater Belo Horizonte, comprising 34 municipalities and some 16 other surrounding cities. |
Colombia
| Conurbation | Population | Year | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bogotá D.C.Metropolitan Area of Bogotá | 10,733,206[34] | 2014 | Conurbation only between Bogota and Soacha | |
| MedellínMetropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley | 3,821,797[34] | 2014 | Metro region |
Peru
| LimaLima Metropolitan Area | 9,500,000[35] | 2017 | Lima is expected to become a megacity before the end of the decade, and this conurbation is estimated to have grown by over one million people between 2007 and 2017. |
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China
There are 3 well-known conurbations in China.[36]
- The Yangtze River Delta comprising Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Ningbo, houses 150 million people and in 2016 it generated $2.76 trillion, 20 percent of China's national GDP. It is responsible for one-third of China's imports and exports.[37]
- The Jingjinji, comprising Tianjin, Beijing, Tangshan and Qinhuangdao, houses an estimated 130 million people and is responsible for a GDP of $1.1 trillion.[38]
- The Pearl River Delta including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Hong Kong and Macau houses 60 million people and is responsible for a GDP of $1.5 trillion, 9% of China's national GDP.[39]
India
The Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) consists of Mumbai and its satellite towns. Developing over a period of about 20 years, it consists of seven municipal corporations and fifteen smaller municipal councils. The region has an area of 4,355 km2 and with a population of 20.5 million,[40] and is among the top ten most populated urban agglomerations in the world. It is linked together through the Mumbai Suburban Railway system and a large network of roads.
The National Capital Region (NCR) is a name for the coordinated planning region which encompasses the entire National Capital Territory of Delhi as well as several surrounding districts in the neighbouring states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan. However, the conurbation of Delhi is actually limited to the NCT of Delhi and the neighbouring contiguous urban areas comprising Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, Greater Noida and Ghaziabad. The area is officially known as the Central National Capital Region (CNCR), a small part of overall NCR.[41] The population of this conurbation was estimated 21.7 million in 2011.[42] It is the world's third most populous urban agglomeration.
The Amaravati Metropolitan Region (AMR) of Andhra Pradesh is a conurbation of three cities, namely Vijayawada, Eluru and Guntur and 11 other towns which include Mangalagiri, Tadepalle, Tenali, Ponnuru, Chilakaluripeta, Narasaraopeta, Sattenapally, Nandigama, Jaggayyapeta, Nuzividu, Gudivada and Vuyyuru. The new capital city of the state, Amaravati, is being developed between the cities of Vijayawada and Guntur at the center of the conurbation. The region holds a total population of 58 lakhs.
The Jamshedpur Metropolitan Area has a plan of Greater Jamshedpur. This place contains the area and city of Adityapur, Maango and Jugsalai
Bangladesh
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The city of Dhaka is linked with Narayanganj and Gazipur city; there are no gaps between Dhaka and those two cities. This conurbation which consists of the areas of the city of Dhaka and its surrounding cities and towns is collectively knowns as the Greater Dhaka City. The city of Dhaka is the core city of the conurbation and has a population of about 10 Million. The satellite cities of the conurbation include Narayanganj, Gazipur, Tongi, Fatullah, Keraniganj, Tarabo, and Kaliganj.
Indonesia
Greater Jakarta or Jabodetabek comprises the largest urban area in Indonesia and the second-largest in the world with a population of around 30 million.[43] The center and national capital, Jakarta, has a population of 10.3 million within its borders.[44]
The second-most populated city in Indonesia, Surabaya, also forms a conurbation known as Gerbangkertosusila with a metropolitan population of about 10 million compared to the city proper of 3 million.[45] Conurbations are also present around Bandung and Medan.
Israel
- Gush Dan, Metropolitan Area of Tel Aviv, Central District (has about 45% of the country's total population)
Japan
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The Taiheiyō Belt is the largest conurbation in Japan in every sense, extending from Ibaraki Prefecture to Fukuoka Prefecture, running almost 1,200 km, with the total population of 82.9 million. However, it is rarely referred to in Japan itself with each Prefecture maintaining separate identities. The Greater Tokyo Area, also called Shutoken (the National Capital Region), is a metropolitan area in the Kantō region, with the estimated population of 35,676,000 in 2007, often referred to as the most populous and economically largest metropolitan area in the world.
Jordan
More than 50% of Jordan’s population live in the conurbation of Amman-Russeifa-Zarqa.
Malaysia
The Klang Valley conurbation in the state of Selangor is composed of these cities:
- Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia;
- Petaling Jaya;
- Ampang Jaya;
- Pandan Indah;
- Subang Jaya;
- Puchong;
- Batu Caves;
- Rawang;
- Seri Kembangan;
- Cheras;
- Shah Alam;
- Klang;
- Selayang;
- Gombak;
- Putrajaya;
- Cyberjaya;
- Sepang; and
- Kajang.
The second largest conurbation by population in Malaysia is Greater Penang.[46][47] Centred in George Town which is the capital city of the State of Penang, the conurbation also includes these towns in Penang, and within the neighbouring states of Kedah and Perak.
- Butterworth
- Bukit Mertajam
- Perai
- Batu Kawan
- Nibong Tebal
- Sungai Petani, Kedah
- Kulim, Kedah
- Bandar Baharu, Kedah
- Parit Buntar, Perak
- Bagan Serai, Perak
The third largest conurbation by population in Malaysia is Johor Bahru Conurbation. Centred in Johor Bahru which is the capital city of the state of Johor, the conurbation also includes these towns in Johor.
- Johor Bahru, the centre of Iskandar Malaysia
- Tebrau
- Pasir Gudang
- Ulu Tiram
- Kempas
- Tampoi
- Skudai
- Iskandar Puteri
- Senai
- Kulai
- Pekan Nenas
- Kota Tinggi
- Pengerang
Pakistan
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- Karachi–Hyderabad, Sindh, is one of the largest metropolitan areas of the world, with a population exceeding 20 million (2017).
- Rawalpindi–Islamabad, also known as the twin cities of Pakistan, were built about 8 miles apart and have now completely intertwined into each other due to massive population growth and the expansion of both cities.
- Lahore–Raiwind–Kala Shah Kaku, the second largest city in Pakistan with its adjoining towns of Kala Shah Kaku and Raiwind.
Palestine
The Gaza Strip conurbation has a population of 2.3 million.
Philippines
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Metro Manila, also known as the National Capital Region, is a conurbation of the capital Manila, fifteen neighboring cities, and a small town to compose the largest urban center in the Philippines. Within the immediate periphery but not administratively part of the region, are cities and towns belonging to various provinces near the capital region. These include the cities of Antipolo, Bacoor, Dasmariñas, Meycauayan, San Jose del Monte and San Pedro; and the towns of Cainta, Marilao, Obando, Rodriguez, San Mateo and Taytay.
Taiwan
There are 3 major conurbations in Taiwan.
- The Taipei-Taoyuan-Keelung Metropolitan Area (also known as Northern Taiwan Conurbation) is located in northern Taiwan, comprising Taipei, New Taipei, Keelung and Taoyuan, houses 9.3 million people. It is the most populous and the most densely populated metropolitan area in Taiwan, with one-third of Taiwanese people living and working there. The region is the epicenter of Taiwanese culture, economy, education and government. Designated as a global city, the region exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, both locally and internationally.[48]
- The Taichung–Changhua–Nantou metropolitan area (also known as Central Taiwan Conurbation), located in central Taiwan and comprising Taichung, Changhua, and Nantou, houses an estimated 4.6 million people, about a fifth of the Taiwanese population.
- The Kaohsiung–Pingtung–Tainan metropolitan area (also known as Southern Taiwan Conurbation), including Kaohsiung, Tainan and Pingtung, is located in southern Taiwan and houses approximately 5.4 million people.
Turkey
Asian part of Istanbul forms a conurbation together with Gebze, Darıca, Çayırova, Dilovası districts of Kocaeli Province and with town of Yalova on south of the İzmit Bay.[49] Each province has separate governments but they work in close coordination. Transport between Anatolian part of Istanbul and western end of Kocaeli is coordinated by both provinces and there are interprovincial urban buses between Kartal and İzmit and commuter rail service between Halkalı and Gebze via Bosphorus, dense ferry service between Yalova and İstanbul although each municipality has a clear boundary of service. Tri-province region makes 17.5 million, which is 20% of Turkey's population.
İzmir and Manisa forms a conurbation. Although there is a mountain between cities with D565 via Sabuncubeli Tunnel many people daily commutes for work, education and home. In addition, İZBAN commuter rail connects satellite towns with İzmir in north and south directions. Two cities metropolitan areas together makes up of a population of 3.3 million.
Thailand
| Name | Population | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Krung Thep Conurbation (Bangkok and nearby cities) | 14,954,100 | 2015 | [50] |
| Chiang Mai Metropolitan Area | 493,149 | ||
| Phuket Metropolitan Area | 426,293 | ||
| Chonburi Metropolitan Area | 392,467 | ||
| Hat Yai Metropolitan Area | 297,792 | ||
| Pattaya Metropolitan Area | 242,133 | ||
| Nakhon Pathom Metropolitan Area | 186,325 | ||
| Si Racha Metropolitan Area | 168,554 | ||
| Phitsanulok Metropolitan Area | 165,001 | ||
| Songkhla Metropolitan Area | 162,380 | ||
| Nakhon Ratchasima Metropolitan Area | 159,579 | ||
| Khonkaen Metropolitan Area | 154,057 | ||
| Surat Thani Metropolitan Area | 150,127 | ||
| Udon Thani Metropolitan Area | 149,983 | ||
| Nakhon Si Thammarat Metropolitan Area | 146,307 | ||
| Rayong Metropolitan Area | 138,423 | ||
| Lopburi Metropolitan Area | 128,924 | ||
| Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Metropolitan Area | 126,849 | ||
| Ubon Ratchathani Metropolitan Area | 126,488 | ||
| Ranong Metropolitan Area | 118,553 | ||
| Yala Metropolitan Area | 111,221 | ||
| Ban Chang Metropolitan Area | 110,390 | ||
| Kanchanaburi Metropolitan Area | 102,628 |
United Arab Emirates
Vietnam
| Name | Population | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ho Chi Minh (Sai Gon) Metropolitan Area | 11,897,049 | 2015 | [50] |
| Ha Noi Metropolitan Area | 6,148,404 | ||
| Tan Chau Metropolitan Area (Tan Chau + Long Xuyen) | 1,359,497 | ||
| Da Nang Metropolitan Area | 1,075,589 | ||
| Hai Phong Metropolitan Area | 1,051,010 | ||
| Can Tho Metropolitan Area | 769,316 | ||
| My Tho Metropolitan Area | 759,179 | ||
| Vinh Long Metropolitan Area | 484,198 | ||
| Nha Trang Metropolitan Area | 468,627 | ||
| Hue Metropolitan Area | 419,391 | ||
| Vung Tau Metropolitan Area | 412,378 | ||
| Thai Nguyen Metropolitan Area | 363,000 | ||
| Thanh Hoa Metropolitan Area | 343,001 | ||
| Vinh Metropolitan Area | 326,520 | ||
| Tay Ninh Metropolitan Area | 319,289 | ||
| Nam Dinh Metropolitan Area | 292,782 | ||
| Hai Duong Metropolitan Area | 283,307 | ||
| Qui Nhon Metropolitan Area | 282,795 | ||
| Rach Gia Metropolitan Area | 276,783 | ||
| Thai Binh Metropolitan Area | 268,330 | ||
| Buon Ma Thuot Metropolitan Area | 254,680 | ||
| Quang Ngai Metropolitan Area | 246,708 | ||
| Phan Thiet Metropolitan Area | 243,919 | ||
| Bac Giang Metropolitan Area | 222,711 | ||
| Play Cu Metropolitan Area | 199,908 | ||
| Bac Lieu Metropolitan Area | 199,141 | ||
| Phan Rang Metropolitan Area | 198,679 | ||
| Da Lat Metropolitan Area | 195,370 | ||
| Ca Mau Metropolitan Area | 193,377 | ||
| Ha Long Metropolitan Area | 178,597 | ||
| Lac Thanh Metropolitan Area | 177,136 | ||
| Cao Lanh Metropolitan Area | 173,133 | ||
| Cai Lay Metropolitan Area | 172,776 | ||
| Tra Vinh Metropolitan Area | 159,016 | ||
| Tuy Hoa Metropolitan Area | 158,744 | ||
| Binh Phuoc Metropolitan Area | 155,011 | ||
| Cao Mat Metropolitan Area | 149,729 | ||
| Kon Tum Metropolitan Area | 144,425 | ||
| Son Tay (Ha Noi) Metropolitan Area | 139,803 | ||
| Vinh Yen Metropolitan Area | 139,418 | ||
| Soc Trang Metropolitan Area | 133,858 | ||
| Viet Tri Metropolitan Area | 129,341 | ||
| Long Le Metropolitan Area | 125,920 | ||
| Mong Cai Metropolitan Area (Mong Cai + Dongxing) | 125,104 | ||
| Cam Pha Metropolitan Area | 122,988 | ||
| Ninh Binh Metropolitan Area | 122,236 | ||
| Cai Be Metropolitan Area | 120,234 | ||
| Tuyen Quang Metropolitan Area | 114,216 | ||
| Phu Ly Metropolitan Area | 112,705 | ||
| Tien Thanh Metropolitan Area | 112,508 | ||
| Tan Phu Metropolitan Area | 111,991 | ||
| Lang Son Metropolitan Area | 110,770 | ||
| Ho Kou Metropolitan Area (Ho Kou + Hekou) | 105,453 | ||
| Xuan Loc Metropolitan Area | 103,836 | ||
| Gia Rai Metropolitan Area | 102,299 | ||
| Yen Bai Metropolitan Area | 102,149 | ||
| Tam Ky Metropolitan Area | 100,935 | ||
| Vinh Tuy Metropolitan Area | 100,364 |
Albania
Austria
- Vienna Metropolitan Area (Greater Vienna): 1,856,676 (2015) [50]
- Graz Metropolitan Area (Greater Graz): 262,476 (2015) [50]
- Linz Metropolitan Area (Greater Linz): 202,652 (2015) [50]
- Salzburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Salzburg): 140,052 (2015) [50]
- Innsbruck Metropolitan Area (Greater Innsbruck): 113,301 (2015) [50]
Belarus
| Name | Population | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Minsk) | 2,006,722 | 2015 | [50] |
| Gomel Metropolitan Area (Greater Gomel) | 429,237 | ||
| Vitebsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Vitebsk) | 354,209 | ||
| Mogilev Metropolitan Area (Greater Mogilev) | 334,165 | ||
| Brest Metropolitan Area (Brest + Terespol) | 326,182 | ||
| Grodno Metropolitan Area (Greater Grodno) | 309,064 | ||
| Bobruisk Metropolitan Area (Greater Bobruisk) | 197,539 | ||
| Baranavici Metropolitan Area (Greater Baranavici) | 162,854 | ||
| Pinsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Pinsk) | 132,029 | ||
| Borisov Metropolitan Area (Greater Borisov) | 112,218 |
Belgium
- Bruxelles Metropolitan Area (Greater Bruxelles): 1,381,517 (2015) [50]
- Antwerp Metropolitan Area (Greater Antwerp): 792,029 (2015) [50]
- Liege Metropolitan Area (Greater Liege): 381,673 (2015) [50]
- Gent Metropolitan Area (Gent + Sas van Gent): 263,643 (2015) [50]
- Charleroi Metropolitan Area (Greater Charleroi): 253,691 (2015) [50]
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Sarajevo Metropolitan Area (Greater Sarajevo): 371,884 (2015) [50]
- Banja Luka Metropolitan Area (Greater Banja Luka): 159,289 (2015) [50]
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
| Name | Population | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ile-de-France Conurbation (Greater Paris) | 9,711,512 | 2015 | [50] |
| Lyon Metropolitan Area (Greater Lyon) | 1,152,368 | ||
| Marseille Metropolitan Area (Greater Marseille) | 909,727 | ||
| Lille Metropolitan Area (Lille + Mouscron) | 903,281 | ||
| Cote-d'Azur Conurbation (Nice + Cannes) | 733,095 | ||
| Toulouse Metropolitan Area (Greater Toulouse) | 658,107 | ||
| Bordeaux Metropolitan Area (greater Bordeaux) | 585,031 | ||
| Nantes Metropolitan Area (Greater Nantes) | 436,853 | ||
| Strasbourg Metropolitan Area (Strasbourg + Kehl) | 422,097 | ||
| Toulon Metropolitan Area (Greater Toulon) | 368,851 | ||
| Grenoble Metropolitan Area (Greater Grenoble) | 338,199 | ||
| Rouen Metropolitan Area (Greater Rouen) | 320,960 | ||
| Montpellier Metropolitan Area (Greater Montpellier) | 293,865 | ||
| Rennes Metropolitan Area (Greater Rennes) | 227,572 | ||
| Nancy Metropolitan Area (Greater Nancy) | 213,797 | ||
| Tours Metropolitan Area (Greater Tours) | 211,591 | ||
| Dijon Metropolitan Area (Greater Dijon) | 208,040 | ||
| Cambrin Metropolitan Area (Greater Cambrin) | 207,779 | ||
| Clermont-Ferrand Metropolitan Area (Greater Clermont-Ferrand) | 191,311 | ||
| Reims Metropolitan Area (Greater Reims) | 189,743 | ||
| Mulhouse Metropolitan Area (Greater Mulhouse) | 189,297 | ||
| Le Havre Metropolitan Area (Greater Le Havre) | 187,643 | ||
| Orleans Metropolitan Area (Greater Orleans) | 179,869 | ||
| Angers Metropolitan Area (Greater Angers) | 176,839 | ||
| Saint-Etienne Metropolitan Area (Greater Saint-Etienne) | 172,766 | ||
| Caen Metropolitan Area (Greater Caen) | 164,788 | ||
| Metz Metropolitan Area (Greater Metz) | 151,221 | ||
| Le Mans Metropolitan Area (Greater Le Mans) | 147,383 | ||
| Brest Metropolitan Area (Greater Brest) | 142,527 | ||
| Amiens Metropolitan Area (Greater Amiens) | 136,532 | ||
| Limoges Metropolitan Area (Greater Limoges) | 129,255 | ||
| Dunkerque Metropolitan Area (Greater Dunkerque) | 127,529 | ||
| Perpignan Metropolitan Area (Greater Perpignan) | 115,845 | ||
| Pau Metropolitan Area (Greater Pau) | 112,672 | ||
| Troyes Metropolitan Area (Greater Troyes) | 109,941 | ||
| Besançon Metropolitan Area (Greater Besançon) | 108,712 | ||
| Annecy Metropolitan Area (Greater Annecy) | 102,728 | ||
| Nimes Metropolitan Area (Greater Nimes) | 101,743 | ||
| Valenciennes Metropolitan Area (Greater Valenciennes) | 101,583 |
Germany
| Name | Population | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ruhr Conurbation (Bonn + Cologne + Dusseldorf + Wuppertal + Dortmund + Hagen) | 7,275,319 | 2015 | [50] |
| Berlin Metropolitan Area (Greater Berlin) | 3,390,255 | ||
| Hamburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Hamburg) | 1,677,733 | ||
| Munich Metropolitan Area (Greater Munich) | 1,573,652 | ||
| Frankfurt am Main Metropolitan Area (Greater Frankfurt am Main) | 1,523,808 | ||
| Stuttgart Metropolitan Area (Greater Stuttgart) | 1,160,180 | ||
| Nurnberg Metropolitan Area (Greater Nurnberg) | 679,089 | ||
| Hannover Metropolitan Area (Greater Hannover) | 599,164 | ||
| Dresden Metropolitan Area (Greater Dresden) | 513,723 | ||
| Bremen Metropolitan Area (Greater Bremen) | 506,342 | ||
| Mannheim Metropolitan Area (Greater Mannheim) | 466,696 | ||
| Leipzig Metropolitan Area (Greater Leipzig) | 455,581 | ||
| Augsburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Augsburg) | 312,094 | ||
| Karlsruhe Metropolitan Area (Greater Karlsruhe) | 286,982 | ||
| Aachen Metropolitan Area (Aachen + Kerkrade) | 226,264 | ||
| Kassel Metropolitan Area (Greater Kassel) | 222,869 | ||
| Bielefeld Metropolitan Area (Greater Bielefeld) | 214,193 | ||
| Kiel Metropolitan Area (Greater Kiel) | 209,786 | ||
| Munster Metropolitan Area (Greater Munster) | 207,455 | ||
| Heidelberg Metropolitan Area (Greater Heidelberg) | 196,429 | ||
| Magdeburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Magdeburg) | 193,706 | ||
| Halle Metropolitan Area (Greater Halle) | 185,076 | ||
| Braunschweig Metropolitan Area (Greater Braunschweig) | 180,612 | ||
| Freiburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Freiburg) | 179,912 | ||
| Rostock Metropolitan Area (Greater Rostock) | 168,453 | ||
| Chemnitz Metropolitan Area (Greater Chemnitz) | 168,021 | ||
| Lubeck Metropolitan Area (Greater Lubeck) | 150,413 | ||
| Saarbrucken Metropolitan Area (Greater Saarbrucken) | 146,109 | ||
| Oldenburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Oldenburg) | 144,961 | ||
| Erfurt Metropolitan Area (Greater Erfurt) | 141,749 | ||
| Koblenz Metropolitan Area (Greater Koblenz) | 138,095 | ||
| Regensburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Regensburg) | 133,794 | ||
| Wurzburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Wurzburg) | 121,062 | ||
| Heilbronn Metropolitan Area (Greater Heilbronn) | 121,015 | ||
| Bremerhaven Metropolitan Area (Greater Bremerhaven) | 116,975 | ||
| Darmstadt Metropolitan Area (Greater Darmstadt) | 116,051 | ||
| Osnabruck Metropolitan Area (Greater Osnabruck) | 105,944 | ||
| Ulm Metropolitan Area (Greater Ulm) | 103,439 |
Greece
- Athens Metropolitan Area (Greater Athens): 3,315,199 (2015) [50]
- Thessaloniki Metropolitan Area (Greater Thessaloniki): 813,775 (2015) [50]
- Patras Metropolitan Area (Greater Patras): 176,257 (2015) [50]
- Heraklion Metropolitan Area (Greater Heraklion): 155,251 (2015) [50]
- Larisa Metropolitan Area (Greater Larisa): 126,570 (2015) [50]
- Volos Metropolitan Area (Greater Volos): 104,289 (2015) [50]
Hungary
- Budapest Metropolitan Area (Greater Budapest): 1,758,468 (2015) [50]
- Debrecen Metropolitan Area (Greater Debrecen): 166,658 (2015) [50]
- Miskolc Metropolitan Area (Greater Miskolc): 124,422 (2015) [50]
- Pecs Metropolitan Area (Greater Pecs): 119,904 (2015) [50]
- Szeged Metropolitan Area (Greater Szeged): 112,516 (2015) [50]
Ireland
Italy
Some Regional Laws approved during the 1970-1980s[51][circular reference] tried to define what an Italian conurbation is, but nowadays there's no government organization for a metropolitan area in Italy, so a conurbation has no official boundaries.
| Name | Population | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Naples Metropolitan Area (Greater Naples) | 3,699,987 | 2015 | [50] |
| Milan Metropolitan Area (Greater Milan) | 3,425,384 | ||
| Rome Metropolitan Area (Greater Rome) | 2,617,092 | ||
| Turin Metropolitan Area (Greater Turin) | 1,205,385 | ||
| Florence Metropolitan Area (Greater Florence) | 708,029 | ||
| Palermo Metropolitan Area (Greater Palermo) | 703,529 | ||
| Catania Metropolitan Area (Greater Catania) | 555,375 | ||
| Genoa Metropolitan Area (Greater Genoa) | 542,961 | ||
| Bologna Metropolitan Area (Greater Bologna) | 421,342 | ||
| Bergamo Metropolitan Area (Greater Bergamo) | 353,586 | ||
| Bari Metropolitan Area (Greater Bari) | 310,239 | ||
| Cagliari Metropolitan Area (Greater Cagliari) | 251,635 | ||
| Venice Metropolitan Area (Greater Venice) | 231,530 | ||
| Padova Metropolitan Area (Greater Padova) | 217,448 | ||
| Pescara Metropolitan Area (Greater Pescara) | 212,410 | ||
| Verona Metropolitan Area (Greater Verona) | 200,722 | ||
| Messina Metropolitan Area (Greater Messina) | 198,553 | ||
| Brescia Metropolitan Area (Greater Brescia) | 190,609 | ||
| Trieste Metropolitan Area (Greater Trieste) | 187,630 | ||
| Livorno Metropolitan Area (Greater Livorno) | 148,916 | ||
| Modena Metropolitan Area (Greater Modena) | 142,871 | ||
| Parma Metropolitan Area (Greater Parma) | 136,469 | ||
| Reggio Calabria Metropolitan Area (Greater Reggio Calabria) | 135,275 | ||
| Taranto Metropolitan Area (Greater Taranto) | 132,441 | ||
| Foggia Metropolitan Area (Greater Foggia) | 131,270 | ||
| Massa Metropolitan Area (Greater Massa) | 119,351 | ||
| Rimini Metropolitan Area (Greater Rimini) | 116,867 | ||
| Reggio Emilia Metropolitan Area (Greater Reggio Emilia) | 105,553 | ||
| Bolzano Metropolitan Area (Greater Bolzano) | 101,551 |
Kosovo
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Metropolitan Area (Greater Luxembourg): 119,160 (2015) [50]
Malta
- Birkirkara Metropolitan Area (Valletta and nearby cities): 279,473 (2015) [50]
Moldova
Netherlands
| Name | Population | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rotterdam Metropolitan Area (Rotterdam + Delft + Den Haag) | 1,913,888 | 2015 | [50] |
| Amsterdam Metropolitan Area (Greater Amsterdam) | 1,128,715 | ||
| Utrecht Metropolitan Area (Greater Utrecht) | 445,245 | ||
| Leiden Metropolitan Area (Greater Leiden) | 302,157 | ||
| Eindhoven Metropolitan Area (Greater Eindhoven) | 280,211 | ||
| Heerlen Metropolitan Area (Heerlen + Herzongenrath) | 262,204 | ||
| Dordrecht Metropolitan Area (Greater Dordrecht) | 240,823 | ||
| Arnhem Metropolitan Area (Greater Arnhem) | 199,884 | ||
| Tilburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Tilburg) | 196,361 | ||
| Haarlem Metropolitan Area (Greater Haarlem) | 195,554 | ||
| Nijmegen Metropolitan Area (Greater Nijmegen) | 180,486 | ||
| Zoetermeer Metropolitan Area (Greater Zoetermeer) | 166,121 | ||
| Groningen Metropolitan Area (Greater Groningen) | 163,386 | ||
| Almere Metropolitan Area (Greater Almere) | 162,857 | ||
| Alkmaar Metropolitan Area (Greater Alkmaar) | 154,296 | ||
| Amersfoort Metropolitan Area (Greater Amersfoort) | 142,167 | ||
| Breda Metropolitan Area (Greater Breda) | 135,821 | ||
| Enschede Metropolitan Area (Greater Enschede) | 131,601 | ||
| Velsen Metropolitan Area (Greater Velsen) | 126,175 | ||
| 's-Hertongenbosch Metropolitan Area (Greater 's-Hertongenbosch) | 121,267 | ||
| Maastricht Metropolitan Area (Maastricht + Maasmechelen) | 113,653 | ||
| Apeldoorn Metropolitan Area (Greater Apeldoorn) | 107,444 | ||
| Zwolle Metropolitan Area (Greater Zwolle) | 101,499 |
Northern Macedonia
Norway
Poland
| Name | Population | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Warsaw Metropolitan Area (Greater Warsaw) | 1,789,294 | 2015 | [50] |
| Katowice Metropolitan Area (Greater Katowice) | 1,526,062 | ||
| Krakow Metropolitan Area (Greater Krakow) | 664,581 | ||
| Lodz Metropolitan Area (Greater Lodz) | 606,991 | ||
| Gdansk Metropolitan Area (Greater Gdansk) | 603,020 | ||
| Wroclaw Metropolitan Area (Greater Wroclaw) | 529,209 | ||
| Ponzan Metropolitan Area (Greater Ponzan) | 527,670 | ||
| Bydgoszcz Metropolitan Area (Greater Bydgoszcz) | 324,027 | ||
| Lublin Metropolitan Area (Greater Lublin) | 320,313 | ||
| Bialystok Metropolitan Area (Greater Bialystok) | 289,226 | ||
| Szczecin Metropolitan Area (Greater Szczecin) | 269,836 | ||
| Walbrzych Metropolitan Area (Greater Walbrzych) | 182,732 | ||
| Rzeszow Metropolitan Area (Greater Rzeszow) | 180,696 | ||
| Czestochowa Metropolitan Area (Greater Czestochowa) | 177,138 | ||
| Torun Metropolitan Area (Greater Torun) | 171,535 | ||
| Radom Metropolitan Area (Greater Costanta) | 163,742 | ||
| Kielce Metropolitan Area (Greater Kielce) | 153,301 | ||
| Olsztyn Metropolitan Area (Greater Olsztin) | 146,867 | ||
| Bielsko-Biala Metropolitan Area (Greater Bielsko-Biala) | 136,717 | ||
| Tychy Metropolitan Area (Greater Tychy) | 106,186 |
Portugal
Romania
| Name | Population | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bucharest Metropolitan Area (Greater Bucharest) | 1,774,128 | 2015 | [50] |
| Calarasi Metropolitan Area (Greater Calarasi) | 369,759 | ||
| Timisoara Metropolitan Area (Greater Timisoara) | 288,523 | ||
| Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area (Greater Cluj-Napoca) | 278,493 | ||
| Constanta Metropolitan Area (Greater Costanta) | 249,829 | ||
| Iasi Metropolitan Area (Greater Iasi) | 237,903 | ||
| Craiova Metropolitan Area (Greater Craiova) | 228,226 | ||
| Brasov Metropolitan Area (Greater Brasov) | 200,225 | ||
| Galati Metropolitan Area (Greater Galati) | 196,601 | ||
| Ploiesti Metropolitan Area (Greater Ploiesti) | 175,454 | ||
| Oradea Metropolitan Area (Greater Oradea) | 156,341 | ||
| Giurgiu Metropolitan Area (Giurgiu + Ruse) | 141,675 | ||
| Braila Metropolitan Area (Greater Braila) | 138,888 | ||
| Pitesti Metropolitan Area (Greater Pitesti) | 132,100 | ||
| Targu-Mures Metropolitan Area (Greater Targu-Mures) | 118,255 | ||
| Sibiu Metropolitan Area (Greater Sibiu) | 117,695 | ||
| Bacau Metropolitan Area (Greater Bacau) | 117,407 | ||
| Arad Metropolitan Area (Greater Arad) | 112,052 | ||
| Oltenita Metropolitan Area (Greater Oltenita) | 108,928 |
Serbia
Slovakia
- Bratislava Metropolitan Area (Greater Bratislava): 352,002 (2015) [50]
- Kolce Metropolitan Area (Greater Kolce): 220,297 (2015) [50]
Slovenia
Spain
| Name | Population | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Madrid Metropolitan Area (Greater Madrid) | 4,894,295 | 2015 | [50] |
| Barcelona Metropolitan Area (Greater Barcelona) | 3,832,012 | ||
| Valencia Metropolitan Area (Greater Valencia) | 1,323,120 | ||
| Sevilla Metropolitan Area (Greater Sevilla) | 861,043 | ||
| Malaga Metropolitan Area (Greater Malaga) | 799,997 | ||
| Bilbao Metropolitan Area (Greater Bilbao) | 778,852 | ||
| Zaragoza Metropolitan Area (Greater Zaragoza) | 503,982 | ||
| Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Metropolitan Area (Greater Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) | 443,141 | ||
| Palma de Mallorca Metropolitan Area (Greater Palma de Mallorca) | 388,090 | ||
| Granada Metropolitan Area (Greater Granada) | 355,806 | ||
| Murcia Metropolitan Area (Greater Murcia) | 354,693 | ||
| Alicante Metropolitan Area (Greater Alicante) | 331,089 | ||
| Santa Cruz de Tenerife Metropolitan Area (Greater Santa Cruz de Tenerife) | 324,645 | ||
| Pamplona Metropolitan Area (Greater Pamplona) | 296,609 | ||
| Valladolid Metropolitan Area (Greater Valladolid) | 290,636 | ||
| Vigo Metropolitan Area (Greater Vigo) | 265,407 | ||
| A Coruna Metropolitan Area (Greater A Coruna) | 249,861 | ||
| Gijon Metropolitan Area (Greater Gijon) | 229,261 | ||
| Algericas Metropolitan Area (Algericas + Gibraltar) | 215,007 | ||
| San Sebastian Metropolitan Area (Greater San Sebastian) | 214,645 | ||
| Santander Metropolitan Area (Greater Santander) | 206,816 | ||
| Vitoria Metropolitan Area (Greater Vitoria) | 203,909 | ||
| Alcala de Henares Metropolitan Area (Greater Alcala de Henares) | 184,497 | ||
| Oviedo Metropolitan Area (Greater Oviedo) | 170,846 | ||
| Almeria Metropolitan Area (Greater Almera) | 169,121 | ||
| Castellon de la Plana Metropolitan Area (Greater Castellon de la Plana) | 158,875 | ||
| Salamanca Metropolitan Area (Greater Salamanca) | 143,857 | ||
| Logrono Metropolitan Area (Greater Logrono) | 142,370 | ||
| Ceuta Metropolitan Area (Ceuta + Fnideq) | 137,945 | ||
| Girona Metropolitan Area (Greater Girona) | 132,100 | ||
| Tarragona Metropolitan Area (Greater Tarragona) | 131,944 | ||
| Jerez de la Frontera Metropolitan Area (Greater Jerez de la Frontera) | 130,424 | ||
| Cadiz Metropolitan Area (Greater Cadiz) | 130,037 | ||
| Melilla Metropolitan Area (Melilla + Ait Mansor) | 126,133 | ||
| Matarò Metropolitan Area (Greater Matarò) | 123,418 | ||
| Marbella Metropolitan Area (Greater Marbella) | 119,627 | ||
| Burgos Metropolitan Area (Greater Burgos) | 117,187 | ||
| Huelva Metropolitan Area (Greater Huelva) | 113,533 | ||
| Torrevieja Metropolitan Area (Greater Torrevieja) | 105,360 |
Sweden
Switzerland
| Name | Population | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zurich Metropolitan Area (Greater Zurich) | 732,493 | 2015 | [50] |
| Geneve Metropolitan Area (Geneve + Annemasse) | 476,816 | ||
| Basel Metropolitan Area (Basel + Lorrach + Buschwiller) | 428,721 | ||
| Lausanne Metropolitan Area (Greater Lausanne) | 256,647 | ||
| Bern Metropolitan Area (Greater Bern) | 197,761 | ||
| Luzern Metropolitan Area (Greater Luzern) | 140,814 |
United Kingdom
Industrial and housing growth in the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries produced many conurbations. Greater London is by far the largest urban area and is usually counted as a conurbation in statistical terms, but differs from the others in the degree to which it is focused on a single central area. In the mid-1950s the Green Belt was introduced to stem the further urbanisation of the countryside in South East England.
The list below shows the most populous urban areas in the UK as defined by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). Different organisations define conurbations in the UK differently for example, the Liverpool–Manchester or the Manchester–Liverpool conurbation[52] is defined as one conurbation by AESOP in a comparison report published by the University of Manchester in 2005 found here. The Liverpool–Manchester Conurbation has a population of 5.68 million.
| Rank | Urban area | Pop. | Principal settlement | Rank | Urban area | Pop. | Principal settlement | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Greater London | 9,787,426 | London | 11 | Bristol | 617,280 | Bristol | ||
| 2 | Greater Manchester | 2,553,379 | Manchester | 12 | Edinburgh | 512,150 | Edinburgh | ||
| 3 | West Midlands | 2,440,986 | Birmingham | 13 | Leicester | 508,916 | Leicester | ||
| 4 | West Yorkshire | 1,777,934 | Leeds | 14 | Belfast | 483,418 | Belfast | ||
| 5 | Greater Glasgow | 985,290 | Glasgow | 15 | Brighton & Hove | 474,485 | Brighton | ||
| 6 | Liverpool | 864,122 | Liverpool | 16 | South East Dorset | 466,266 | Bournemouth | ||
| 7 | South Hampshire | 855,569 | Southampton | 17 | Cardiff | 390,214 | Cardiff | ||
| 8 | Tyneside | 774,891 | Newcastle upon Tyne | 18 | Teesside | 376,633 | Middlesbrough | ||
| 9 | Nottingham | 729,977 | Nottingham | 19 | Stoke-on-Trent | 372,775 | Stoke-on-Trent | ||
| 10 | Sheffield | 685,368 | Sheffield | 20 | Coventry | 359,262 | Coventry | ||
Ukraine
| Name | Population | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kyiv Metropolitan Area (Greater Kyiv) | 2,737,789 | 2015 | [50] |
| Kharkiv Metropolitan Area (Greater Kharkiv) | 1,430,661 | ||
| Donetsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Donetsk) | 1,158,998 | ||
| Odesa Metropolitan Area (Greater Odesa) | 1,117,970 | ||
| Dnipro Metropolitan Area (Greater Dnipro) | 903,205 | ||
| Zaporizhzhia Metropolitan Area (Greater Zaporizzhya) | 728,145 | ||
| Lviv Metropolitan Area (Greater Lviv) | 687,060 | ||
| Krivyy Rih Metropolitan Area (Greater Krivyy Rih) | 584,156 | ||
| Mikolaiv Metropolitan Area (Greater Mikolaiv) | 469,017 | ||
| Mariupol Metropolitan Area (Greater Mariupol) | 436,133 | ||
| Luhansk Metropolitan Area (Greater Luhansk) | 415,351 | ||
| Vinnitsa Metropolitan Area (Greater Vinnitsa) | 383,836 | ||
| Simferopol Metropolitan Area (Greater Simferopol) | 338,634 | ||
| Chernihiv Metropolitan Area (Greater Chernihiv) | 278,668 | ||
| Cherkasy Metropolitan Area (Greater Cherkasy) | 278,510 | ||
| Poltava Metropolitan Area (Greater Poltava) | 275,189 | ||
| Kherson Metropolitan Area (Greater Kherson) | 269,644 | ||
| Khmelnitskyy Metropolitan Area (Greater Khmelnitskyy) | 259,104 | ||
| Zhytomir Metropolitan Area (Greater Zhytomir) | 242,883 | ||
| Chernivtsi Metropolitan Area (Greater Chernivtsi) | 240,725 | ||
| Ivano-Frankivsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Ivano-Frankivsk) | 237,552 | ||
| Rivne Metropolitan Area (Greater Rivne) | 228,212 | ||
| Kropivnitskyy Metropolitan Area (Greater Kropivnitskyy) | 225,913 | ||
| Kamianske Metropolitan Area (Greater Kamianske) | 223,589 | ||
| Lutsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Lutsk) | 218,316 | ||
| Sumy Metropolitan Area (Greater Sumy) | 214,376 | ||
| Kremenchuk Metropolitan Area (Greater Kremenchuk) | 213,125 | ||
| Bialitserkva Metropolitan Area (Greater Bialitserkva) | 207,328 | ||
| Horlivka Metropolitan Area (Greater Horlivka) | 195,806 | ||
| Sevastopol Metropolitan Area (Greater Sevastopol) | 189,598 | ||
| Ternopil Metropolitan Area (Greater Ternopil) | 187,740 | ||
| Melitopol Metropolitan Area (Greater Melitopol) | 166,662 | ||
| Kramatorsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Kramatorsk) | 150,246 | ||
| Alchevsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Alchevsk) | 139,091 | ||
| Nikopol Metropolitan Area (Greater Nikopol) | 132,379 | ||
| Sloviansk Metropolitan Area (Greater Sloviansk) | 132,301 | ||
| Uzhhorod Metropolitan Area (Greater Uzhhorod) | 124,809 |
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