Convoy_battles_of_World_War_II

Convoy battles of World War II

Convoy battles of World War II

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Convoy Battles of World War II occurred when convoys of warships protected cargo ships assembled for mutual defense and were attacked by submarines, surface ships and/or aircraft. Most were in the North Atlantic from 1939 to 1943 and involved attacks by U-boat wolfpacks. Convoy battles also occurred in the Arctic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and western Pacific Ocean.

Battles

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Notes

  1. [1]
    "Famous Convoy Battles". uboat.net. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  2. [2]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, p. 36.
  3. [3]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 32.
  4. [4]
    "Convoy HX.65". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  5. [5]
    Edwards 1999, p. 26.
  6. [6]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 41.
  7. [7]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 42–43.
  8. [8]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 50.
  9. [9]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 54.
  10. [10]
    Blair 1996, p. 278.
  11. [11]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 62.
  12. [12]
    Milner 1985, p. 67.
  13. [13]
    Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 182.
  14. [14]
    Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 184.
  15. [15]
    Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 187.
  16. [16]
    Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 185.
  17. [17]
    Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 191.
  18. [18]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 90.
  19. [19]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 108.
  20. [20]
    Abbazia 1975, p. 50.
  21. [21]
    "Convoy ON.67". Arnold Hague convoy database. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  22. [22]
    Greene & Massignani 1998, pp. 216–222.
  23. [23]
    Milner 1985, p. 286.
  24. [24]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 145–146.
  25. [25]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, pp. 175–176.
  26. [26]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, p. 176.
  27. [27]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, pp. 183, 186–187.
  28. [28]
    Milner 1985, pp. 148–150.
  29. [29]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 164–165.
  30. [30]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 184.
  31. [31]
    Hague 2000a, p. 189.
  32. [32]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 183.
  33. [33]
    "Convoy ONS 154". J. Gordon Mumford. Archived from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  34. [34]
    "Convoy ON.154". Arnold Hague convoy database. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  35. [35]
    Blair 1998, pp. 811–812.
  36. [36]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 195.
  37. [37]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 197–198.
  38. [38]
    Hague 2000, p. 181.
  39. [39]
    Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 250.
  40. [40]
    Hague 2000a, p. 189; Woodman 2004, p. 379.
  41. [41]
    "Hisendan". Nifty.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  42. [42]
    Cressman 2000, pp. 213–214.
  43. [43]
    Blair 1975, pp. 676–678.
  44. [44]
    Blair 1975, pp. 702–704.
  45. [45]
    Cressman 2000, pp. 274–275.
  46. [46]
    Blair 1975, pp. 748–749.

References

Further reading

  • Dönitz, Karl (1958). Memoirs: Ten Years and Twenty Days. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80764-0.
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