The presence of a Romani minority in Ukraine was first documented in the early 15th century.^[3] The Romani maintained their social organizations and folkways, shunning non-Romani contacts, education and values, often as a reaction to anti-Romani attitudes and persecution. They adopted the language and faith of the dominant society, being Orthodox in most of Ukraine, Catholic in Western Ukraine and Zakarpattia Oblast, and Muslim in Crimea.

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• Census 1897: 12,000 Romani in Ukraine (without Galicia and Transcarpathia who comprise the highest Ukrainian Romani population)
• Census 1920: 60,000 Romani in Ukrainian SSR (without Galicia and Transcarpathia)
• Census 1959: 28,000 Romani in Ukrainian SSR
• Census 1970: 30,100 Romani in Ukrainian SSR.
• Census 1979: 34,500 Romani in Ukrainian SSR
• Census 2001: 47,587 Romani in Ukraine.^[1] The estimate of the World Romani Union and the Council of Europe is considerably higher. In 2006 the Romani organizations estimated the number at over 400,000 persons.^[2]

Romani are scattered throughout Ukraine, but their largest concentration is in Zakarpattia Oblast. Half live in cities. 35% consider Romani their mother tongue. Material culture has not differed from the dominant society except in dress. They have a rich folk tradition. Romani themes can be found in Ukrainian literature.

The Muslim Roma migrated from Central Asia in the 17th and 18th century to Crimea peninsula.^[21]

• Krimi (Крими), intermingled with Crimean Tatars. Further sub-groups include Audzhi (аюджі), Gurbety (гурбети), Mukani and others. During World War II Nazis killed 800 Krimi Roma in Simferopol. After the Nazi occupation, Stalin ordered all Crimean Tatars and Crimean Romani to be deported to Central Asia as "special settlers" in 1944, further devastating their community.
  • Gurbeti: The gypsy communities in Crimea in the 19th century were divided by "Yerli" (Yerli) and "Chingene" (Nomad).^[22] The Gurbeti (sometimes called Turkmen), lived mainly in the towns and steppe regions.^[22] They traded horses and products made out of horse meat (such as the popular chir-chir-byurek).^[22] The Krimurja in Crimea incorporated small numbers of Gurbeti through marriage, although in the 19th century they are listed as a separate group of "locals".^[23] Their small number likely prevented them from an own community.^[23] Their Romani language and nomadic lifestyle determined their separation to the Daifa, and their joining to the Krimurja.^[23] In spite of intermarriage between the Gurbeti and Krimurja, a distinct origin is remembered, and an internal separation to some extent has been preserved.^[23] Some in Crimea suggest that the "chingene" deny their gypsy origin and declare as Crimean Tatars.^[24]
• Carpathian Romani The largest number of Roma is in the city of Mukachevo (1.4%), in Vynohradiv (0.8%), Berehove (4.1%) and Uzhgorod (4.1%) districts of the Transcarpathian region.^[25][26]
  • Kalderash (Hungarian name for Kotlyary; Zakarpattia),
  • Servica Roma (in Zakarpattia from Slovakia),
  • Ungriko Roma (in Zakarpattia from Hungary)
  • Chaladitka Roma (descended from Polish Roma)
• Ruska Roma (northern Ukraine),
• Servitka Roma (Serby, southern and central Ukraine, from Serbia), Servitka live scattered in small groups among representatives of other ethnic groups. They are characterized by living in large cities of Zhytomyr and Chernihiv regions (cities of Chernihiv, Zhytomyr, Korosten, and Malyn).
• Lovari (central Ukraine), most representatives of the Lovari group have their compact settlements in Zhytomyr (Bohunia district), Teterivka village of Zhytomyr district and in the city of Malyn.
• Kelmysh, In the city of Bila Tserkva lives a group of gypsies-kelmish. In the Cherkasy region, kelmish live not in cities, but in gypsy villages that emerged in the 60s of the XX century. The main region of settlement is the town of Smila and its surroundings.

• The Romani minority in Zakarpattia Oblast (census 2001)
• Romani children in Dubove, Zakarpattia Oblast
• Romani people in Lviv
• Romani people in Galicia in 1895
• Monument at the Nazi mass killing site in Derazhnia. Approximately 4,000 Jews and Romani were shot here on 20 September 1942
• "Gypsy Fortune-Teller" 1841 watercolor composition by Taras Shevchenko

• Servitka Roma
• Romani people