Cubbie_Roo's_Castle
Wyre, Orkney
Island of the Orkney Islands
Wyre (historically known as Viera and Veira) is one of the Orkney Islands, lying south-east of Rousay. It is 311 hectares (1.20 sq mi) and 32 metres (105 ft) at its highest point. It is one of the smallest inhabited islands in the archipelago.
| Old Norse name | Vígr[1] |
|---|---|
| Meaning of name | spear head[2] |
Wyre, viewed from Cubbie Roo's Castle, with the ruined chapel and burial ground visible. | |
| Location | |
| OS grid reference | HY445262 |
| Coordinates | 59.12°N 2.97°W / 59.12; -2.97 |
| Physical geography | |
| Island group | Orkney Islands |
| Area | 311 ha (1.20 sq mi) |
| Area rank | 85 [3] |
| Highest elevation | 32 m (105 ft) |
| Administration | |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Country | Scotland |
| Council area | Orkney |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 5[4] |
| Population density | 0.62 people/km2[2][4] |
| Largest settlement | Hawn |
 | |
| References | www.aroundrousay.co.uk/wyre.sdoc |
Orkney Ferries sail from the island to Tingwall on the Orkney Mainland, Egilsay and Rousay.
Wyre's history is still very apparent, and it has two ancient monuments maintained by Historic Scotland, Cubbie Roo's Castle and St. Mary's Chapel.
Bishop Bjarni grew up on Wyre, and was the son of Kolbein Hruga (see Cubbie Roo's Castle below.)
Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland says that he:
- "composed the only significant work of Norse poetry to have survived in the [Orkney] islands, his Lay of the Jomsvikings. He also played an important part in securing the canonisation of Earl Rognvald."[5]
The poet Edwin Muir (1887–1959), known for his prominent part in the Scottish Renaissance, born in Deerness on Mainland, Orkney , spent much of his childhood on Wyre. In his autobiography he said of himself - "I'm an Orkneyman, a good Scandinavian",[2] and commented that some of his happiest childhood years were spent here.[5]
Cubbie Roo's Castle
Cubbie Roo's (or Cobbie Row's ) Castle was built in the mid-12 century by Norse landowner, Kolbeinn hrúga. The stone fortification originally consisted of a small, central tower set in an oval enclosure, surrounded by two ditches, a stone wall and an earthen rampart. It is the oldest surviving medieval castle in Scotland and was mentioned in the Orkneyinga Saga as well as King Haakon's saga. Historic Environment Scotland established the site as a scheduled monument in 1929.[6][7][8]
St. Mary's Chapel
In the centre of the island is the roofless, but largely complete, twelfth-century St. Mary's Chapel. It is thought to have been built by a Norse chieftain, Kolbeinn hrúga or his son, Bjarni Kolbeinsson, Bishop of Orkney. The Romanesque style building was originally constructed of local rubble and lime mortar. During the late 19th century, the building was restored.[2][7]
Like most of Orkney, Wyre is made up of Old Red Sandstone of the Devonian period.[2]
The island is low lying, and is shaped like an isosceles triangle on its side. It is separated from Rousay by Wyre Sound. Rousay is to the north, Gairsay to the south, Stronsay to the east, Mainland to the south west, and Shapinsay to the south east. Bu ties with Ae in Dumfries and Galloway as being Britain's shortest name for a settlement.[9]
Wyre is also known for its grey and common seals, and for birdlife including divers and ducks.
Wyre is separated from the neighbouring island of Rousay by the Wyre Sound. The sound experiences strong tides, which creates the perfect conditions for maerl beds to form. The maerl beds in turn provide a sheltered habitat for species as peacock worms and various sponges, as well as small fish, shrimps, gobies and crabs.[10] Since 2014 the sound, along with the neighbouring Rousay Sound (which separates the islands of Rousay and Egilsay), has been designated as a Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area (NCMPA).[11] Fishing activities are controlled within the MPA, and no dredging, beam trawling, demersal trawling or Seine fishing is permitted.[12]
- Anderson, Joseph (ed.) (1873) The Orkneyinga Saga. Translated by Jón A. Hjaltalin & Gilbert Goudie. Edinburgh. Edmonston and Douglas. The Internet Archive. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh: Canongate.
- Area and population ranks: there are c. 300 islands over 20 ha in extent and 93 permanently inhabited islands were listed in the 2011 census.
- National Records of Scotland (15 August 2013). "Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland's Inhabited Islands" (PDF). Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland Release 1C (Part Two) (PDF) (Report). SG/2013/126. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
- Keay, J. & Keay, J. (1994) Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland. London. HarperCollins.
- "Wyre, Cubbie Roo's Castle". Canmore: National Record of the Historic Environment. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- Wickham-Jones, Caroline (2012). Monuments of Orkney: A Visitor's Guide (Explore Scottish Monuments). Historic Scotland. p. 61. ISBN 978-1849170734.
- Gifford, John (1992). Highland and Islands (Buildings of Scotland). Penguin Books. p. 377. ISBN 978-0300096255.
- Guinness Book of Records 1985. Guinness Books. p. 91.
- "Wyre and Rousay Sounds Marine Protected Area summary leaflet". Scottish Government. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- "Sitelink: Wyre and Rousay Sounds Marine Protected Area". NatureScot. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- "The Inshore Fishing (Prohibition of Fishing and Fishing Methods) (Scotland) Order 2015". Queen's Printer for Scotland. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
