Cultural_depictions_of_Joan_of_Arc

Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc

Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc

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Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc in French) has inspired artistic and cultural works for nearly six centuries. The following lists cover various media to include items of historic interest, enduring works of high art, and recent representations in popular culture. The entries represent portrayals that a reader has a reasonable chance of encountering rather than a complete catalog. Lesser known works, particularly from early periods, are not included. In this article, many of the excluded items are derivative of better known representations. For instance, Friedrich Schiller's 1801 play The Maid of Orleans inspired at least 82 different dramatic works during the nineteenth century, and Verdi's and Tchaikovsky's operatic adaptations are still recorded and performed. Most of the others survive only in research libraries. As another example, in 1894, Émile Huet listed over 400 plays and musical works about Joan of Arc. Despite a great deal of scholarly interest in Joan of Arc, no complete list of artistic works about her exists, although a 1989 doctoral dissertation did identify all relevant films including ones for which no copy survives.[1]

Jeanne d'Arc statue at Place des Pyramides, Paris by Emmanuel Frémiet, 1874

Portrayals of Joan of Arc are numerous. For example, in 1979 the Bibliothèque Municipale in Rouen, France displayed a gallery containing over 500 images and other items related to Joan of Arc. The story of Joan of Arc was a popular subject for dramatization in the 1940s. In addition to Maxwell Anderson's play Joan of Lorraine and the Ingrid Bergman film Joan of Arc, there was also the 1948 RKO film The Miracle of the Bells starring Fred MacMurray, Alida Valli, and Frank Sinatra, about a dying film actress whose first and last role is Joan of Arc. There were also three radio dramatizations of the story of Joan during those years, one of them specifically written with a World War II framework.


Literature and theatre

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Operas, oratorios, and vocal works

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Images

Date Title Artist Location Notes Image
10 May 1429 Clément de Fauquembergue Sketch in the margin of the register of the Parlement of Paris by Clément de Fauquembergue, 1429, drawn on the day that news arrived in Paris of the French victory at Orléans. Though Fauquembergue never saw her in person, this is the only extant depiction from her lifetime (apart from her possible likeness of the head of Saint-Maurice in Orléans).
c. 1450 "Joan of Arc compared to Judith", miniature in an illustrated manuscript of Le Champion des Dames by Martin le Franc. Joan of Arc is shown standing next Judith beheading Holofernes. Joan at right is holding her coat of arms
c. 14501500 Miniature portrait (Centre Historique des Archives Nationales, Paris, AE II 2490, dated to the second half of the 15th century).
c. 1460 Chronique de Charles VII Jean Chartier Miniature portrait in an illustrated manuscript, similar portrayal to Le Champion des Dames.
1493 Jeanne Hunts Prostitutes in the Army Martial d'Auvergne Miniature from Vigiles du roi Charles VII à neuf psaumes et neuf leçons
1493 Siege of Orléans Martial d'Auvergne Miniature from Vigiles du roi Charles VII à neuf psaumes et neuf leçons
1493 Joan of Arc and Charles VII, King of France Martial d'Auvergne Miniature from Vigiles du roi Charles VII à neuf psaumes et neuf leçons
1493 The Citizens of Troyes Hand Over City Keys to the Dauphin and Joan of Arc Martial d'Auvergne Miniature from Vigiles du roi Charles VII à neuf psaumes et neuf leçons
1493 The Assault on Paris Martial d'Auvergne Miniature from Vigiles du roi Charles VII à neuf psaumes et neuf leçons
1493 Jeanne is Driven in Front of Her Judges Martial d'Auvergne Miniature from Vigiles du roi Charles VII à neuf psaumes et neuf leçons
1493 Jeanne Being Tied Up Martial d'Auvergne Miniature from Vigiles du roi Charles VII à neuf psaumes et neuf leçons
15th century Chronique abrégée des rois de France, [Chronicle of the Kings of France] Coronation of Charles VII in Reims; Joan of Arc at right holding Banner of France
late 15th century untitled  ? Hermitage of Notre-Dame de Bermont, France Fresco of two young women: one a peasant girl at prayer, the other dressed in male attire: possible depictions of Joan of Arc rediscovered underneath a later work. Joan of Arc was known to pray often at the site.
late 15th century Joan of Arc  ? Hermitage of Notre-Dame de Bermont, France The young girl is kneeling, doubtless in a chateau, because the ground is not the beaten earth of the houses of the era but a green and black tile-flooring. She is dressed in grey, with high hose, an attire of a man. Thence to think that it has to do with the departure from Vaucouleurs or arrival at Chinon, there is not but to take a step; to prove it is another thing.
c. 1500 "helmeted head of a statue" Musée Historique et Archeologique, Orléans The head of a statue, discovered in 1820 in the ruins of the Church of Saint-Maurice, Orléans, long considered to have been modelled after the likeness of Joan of Arc.[10]
1505 Joan of Arc on horseback Jean Pichore Musée Dobrée Illustration from Les Vies des femmes célèbres de Antoine Du Four (1504-1506)
1557 Portrait of the Town Council of Orléans  ? Joan of Arc wears a robe with slashed sleeves and a plume (symbolic of victory in war) and holds a sword. This became a model for many later portraits.
1620 Joan of Arc at Prayer Peter Paul Rubens North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, North Carolina
1819 Jeanne d'Arc prisonnière à Rouen (Jeanne d'Arc prisoner to Rouen) Pierre Révoil Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen oil on canvas, 137 cm (53.9 in) x 174.5 cm (68.7 in).
1824 Jeanne d'Arc interrogated in prison by the cardinal of Winchester Paul Delaroche Musée des Beaux-Arts, Rouen oil on canvas 277 x 217 cm
1830 The Painter's Studio Josef Danhauser Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest
1833 Jeanne d'Arc, in the presence of Charles VII, answers questions from churchmen about her visions and revelations Gillot Saint-Èvre Louvre, Paris 170 x 140 cm
1833 Jeanne d'Arc in prison Gillot Saint-Èvre private collection oil on canvas, 119 x 109 cm
1835 The Arrest of Jeanne d'Arc Adèle Martin private collection oil on canvas, 112 x 85 cm
before 1843 Jeanne d'Arc Raymond Monvoisin Collection of the Palacio Vergara de Viña del Mar oil on canvas, 142 × 101 cm (55.9 × 39.8 in)
1843 "Joan of Arc, On finding in the church of St Catherine de Frébus the sword she dreamt of, devotes herself & it to the service of God & her country" William Etty Sold by Bonhams in 2021 Left hand panel of triptych
1843 Jeanne d'Arc à la sortie d'Orléans, repoussant les Anglais
[Joan of Arc at the exit of Orléans, repelling the English] '
William Etty Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Orléans Central panel of triptych
1843 "Joan of Arc, after rendering the most signal services to her Prince and people, is suffered to die a martyr in their cause" William Etty Library of Congress Sketch of Right hand Panel of triptych Showing martyrdom of Joan of Arc from C.W.Wass engraving
1843 "Joan of Arc, after rendering the most signal services to her Prince and people, is suffered to die a martyr in their cause" William Etty Penny Illustrated News Penny Illustrated News Sketch of Right hand Panel of triptych Showing martyrdom of Joan of Arc from C.W.Wass engraving
1843 Auftreten von Heiliges Catherine und Michael zu Johanna von Arc Hermann Anton Stilke Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg oil on canvas, 119.5 × 83.5 cm (47 × 32.9 in)
1843 Johanna von Arc in der Schlacht Hermann Anton Stilke Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg oil on canvas, 135 × 146 cm (53.1 × 57.5 in)
1843 Tod von Johanna von Arc auf dem Scheiterhaufen Hermann Anton Stilke Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg oil on canvas 119.5 × 83.5 cm (47 × 32.9 in)
1843 Entry of Jeanne d'Arc at Orléans, 8 May 1429 Henry Scheffer Palace of Versailles (Galerie des Batailles), Versailles oil on canvas, Height: 425 cm (167.3 in). Width: 483 cm (190.2 in)
1847–1852 Capturer de Jeanne d'Arc Adolf Alexander Dillens Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg 52.5 × 72 cm (20.7 × 28.3 in)
1852 Johanna von Orléans in der Schlacht August Gustav Lasinsky oil on canvas, 76,5 x 107,5 cm.
1854 Jeanne au Couronnement de Charles VII Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Musée du Louvre, Paris oil on canvas, 240 cm (94.5 in) x 178 cm (70.1 in)
ca. 1859 Jeanne d'Arc écoutant ses voix (Joan of Arc listening to voices) François-Léon Benouville Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen
ca. 1860 Jeanne d'Arc au siège de Paris (Joan of Arc at the Siege of Paris) Jozef Van Lerius Private collection oil on panel, 108.8 × 179 cm (46 ¾ x 70 ½ in)
1863 Joan of Arc Kissing the Sword of Deliverance Dante Gabriel Rossetti Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Strasbourg oil on canvas, 61.2 × 53.2 cm (24.1 × 20.9 in)
1864 Jeanne d'Arc Prisoner of the English Stanisław Chlebowski Musée Barrois (Bar-le-Duc), France
1864 Joan of Arc Dante Gabriel Rossetti private collection watercolor and bodycolour over pencil, 31 × 30 cm (12.2 × 11.8 in)
1865 Joan of Arc at Prayer John Everett Millais Private collection
1876 Jeanne d'Arc écoutant les voix (Joan of Arc's awe upon receiving a vision from the Archangel Michael) Eugène Thirion Ville de Chatou, église Notre-Dame oil on canvas
1879 Jeanne d'Arc Jules Bastien-Lepage Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City oil on canvas 100" x 110"
1880 Joan Captured by the Burgundians at Compiègne Giraudon Panthéon, Paris mural
1884 Joan of Arc Listening for the First Time to the Voices That Predict Her Prominent Fate Pedro Américo Museu Nacional de Belas Artes, Rio de Janeiro oil on canvas, 229 × 156 cm (90.2 × 61.4 in)
1886 The Maid of Orleans, entrance of Joan of Arc into Reims in 1429 Jan Matejko National Museum in Kraków
1887 Entree de Jeanne d'Arc à Orléans Jean-Jacques Scherrer Musée Jeanne-d'Arc, Rouen
1889 Joan of Arc, or Breton girl spinning Paul Gauguin Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam Fresco in wooden support, 134 × 62.9 cm (52.8 × 24.8 in)
1880–1890 Jeanne d'Arc hears her voices Eugène Carrière Musée d'Orsay, Paris
1886–1890 Jeanne d'Arc, Bergère Jules Eugène Lenepveu Panthéon, Paris
1886–1890 Jeanne d'Arc in armor before Orléans Jules Eugène Lenepveu Panthéon, Paris
1886–1890 Jeanne d'Arc in Rheims at the time of king Charles VII's coronation Jules Eugène Lenepveu Panthéon, Paris
1886–1890 Jeanne at the stake Jules Eugène Lenepveu Panthéon, Paris
1895 Sleeping Joan of Arc George W. Joy
1896 L'histoire de Jeanne d'Arc Louis-Maurice Boutet de Monvel illustrations for his L'histoire de Jeanne d'Arc[11]
19th century Jeanne d'Arc + 1431  ? Musée Louis-Philippe, Eu, Seine-Maritime oil on canvas, 124.5 × 89 cm (49 × 35 in)
ca. 19th century "Joan of Arc Burning at the Stake" Frédéric Théodore Lix (1830–1897)
ca. 19th/20th century Jeanne d´Arc François Chifflart Oil on canvas, 75 x 60 cm.
late 19th century Joan of Arc Kneeling Before an Angel Henryk Siemiradzki
ca. 1901 Jeanne d'Arc François Chifflart Oil on canvas, 73 x 60 cm.
1903 Jeanne d'Arc Albert Lynch engraving from Figaro Illustre magazine
1907 Joan of Arc in Battle Frank Craig
1909 Sainte Jeanne d'Arc Paul de La Boulaye oil on canvas
1909 Maude Adams as Joan of Arc Alphonse Mucha
before 1911 Joan of Arc in Prison Howard Pyle private collection oil on canvas
1912 Portrait of Joan of Arc Andrew C.P. Haggard
1912 Jeanne d'Arc Roger de La Fresnaye Musée d'art moderne de Troyes, Troyes
1918 Joan of Arc Frank Schoonover illustrations for the Lucy Foster Madison book Joan of Arc
 ? (19th century) The departure of Jeanne d'Arc Jean-Jacques Scherrer Musée Jeanne-d'Arc, Vaucouleurs oil on canvas 430 x 320 cm
 ? St. Joan John William Waterhouse (1849–1917) private collection oil on canvas, 48 × 55 cm (18.9 × 21.7 in)
 ? Joan of Arc Charles-Amable Lenoir (1860–1926) private collection
 ? Jeanne d'Arc Gaston Bussière
 ? Joan of Arc Gari Melchers (1860–1932) Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis oil on canvas, 30 × 23 in (76.2 × 58.4 cm)
before 1933 Joan of Arc Annie Swynnerton
c. 1897 Joan of Arc Harold H. Piffard Public collection oil on canvas, 91.5 × 72.2 cm (36 × 28.4 in)
c. 1900 Joan of Arc William Blake Richmond Private collection oil on canvas, 99.1 × 80.6 cm (36 × 28.4 in)
1999 Jehanne 1429 Arnaud Courlet de Vregille Encyclopédie des Arts en Franche-Comté, Jacques Rittaud-Hutinet, 2004 Acrylic and pastel, 60 x 40
2001 Joan of Arc[12] Donato Giancola 17" x 27" Oil on Paper
2013 Joan of Arc[13] Donato Giancola 24" x 42" Oil on Panel

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Other representations

Joan of Arc's short haircut had a profound effect on women's hairstyles in the twentieth century. In 1909, the Paris hairdresser Antoine took Joan of Arc as the inspiration for the bob, which ended centuries of taboo against women who cut their hair. The style became popular in the 1920s and was associated with liberated women. Nearly all subsequent Western hair fashions are designed for women who cut their hair at least occasionally. Such haircut is still known in French as coupe à la Jeanne d'Arc (Joan of Arc's haircut).

During the Cristero War in 1927, a group of female Cristeros named themselves after Joan of Arc. They obtained money, supplies, and intelligence for the male combatants. They often smuggled weapons into war zones and cared for the wounded. By the end of the war they had 35,000 participants.

Several people have been seen as modern versions of Joan of Arc:

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Pernoud 1999, p. 243.
  2. ^ Pernoud 1999, p. 239.
  3. ^ Pernoud 1999, pp. 240, 246.

References

  1. Blaetz, Robin (May 1989). Strategies of containment: Joan of Arc in film (PhD thesis). New York University.
  2. Leonard Peikoff, "The Early Ayn Rand - Selections from her unpublished fiction", New American Library, New York, 1984, P. 342-343.
  3. ""Sparrow" by Michael Morpurgo - Review" The Guardian. 3 July 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  4. "BORN TO DO THIS – The Joan of Arc Rock Opera". www.companytheatre.com. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  5. "Jo Lampert Takes On Joan Of Arc" by Elizabeth Blair NPR 18 March 2017; retrieved 8 November 2018
  6. Edmunds (2008:40f.) portrays the possibility of the head representing Jeanne d'Arc as plausible, citing enthusiastic support from Walter Scott and Bernard Shaw, and claims a "a tradition than when Joan entered Orléans in triumph after the siege was raised a sculptor modelled the head of his statue of St Maurice from Joan herself". The head was discovered in the ruins of the demolished church in 1820, and the "tradition" is in fact limited to learned 19th-century speculation. 20th-century art historians tend to identify the head as belonging to a statue of Saint George. "Tête casquée découverte en 1820 dans les démolitions des restes de l'ancienne église Saint-Eloi-Saint-Maurice, considérée parfois, mais à tort, comme représentant Jeanne d'Arc; c'est en réalité une tête de St Georges." Val de Loire; Maine, Orléanais, Touraine, Anjou, Hachette (1963), p. 70.
  7. Joan of Arc Donato Art retrieved 30 May 2016
  8. "Joan of Arc" Donato Art retrieved 30 May 2016
  9. "Joanie on the Pony – Home at Last". Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  10. "Poise Adverts & Commercials Archive: Joan of Arc" Archived 1 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine advertolog.com 30 September 2017
  11. Piekut, Benjamin (2019). Henry Cow: The World Is a Problem. Duke University Press. p. 356. ISBN 978-1-47800-405-9.
  12. Miley Cyrus vs Joan of Arc videoclip on YouTube
  13. Leslie Kaufman (29 October 2013). "Making Silly Showdowns for YouTube". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  14. "Madonna Just Surprise Released Six New Songs on iTunes". Spin. 20 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
  15. Bajgrowicz, Brooke (2 November 2018). "Little Mix Drop Fierce Anthem "Joan Of Arc" Listen". Billboard. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  16. Darran Jones (29 March 2010). "Interview: Martin Hollis". NowGamer. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  17. Silverman, Rebecca (4 April 2015). "Requiem of the Rose King GN 1". Anime News Network. Retrieved 10 November 2020. Very quickly we see that [Richard] has visions of a strange woman in armor, who turns out to be the deceased Joan of Arc. Kanno here does use Shakespeare's interpretation of the woman, making her the demonic figure the English believe her to be in Henry the Sixth Part One; the fact that she is dead also places the action in part two of the play, or sometime between parts one and two.
  18. Mateo, Alex (15 September 2020). "Requiem of the Rose King Manga Gets TV Anime". Anime News Network. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  19. Sherman, Jennifer (2 November 2020). "Ryouko Yamagishi's Revelation Manga About Joan of Arc Ends". Anime News Network. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  20. Fate Grand Order: The Grand Temple of Time (Animation, Action, Drama), Type-Moon, 30 July 2021, retrieved 28 June 2022
  21. "Ehrungen". Katachel.de. Archived from the original on 12 September 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
  • Nadia Margolis, Joan of Arc in History, Literature, and Film (New York: Garland, 1990).
  • Régine Pernoud and Marie-Véronique Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, trans. Jeremy Duquesnay Adams (New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 1999).
  • Heimann, Nora (2005). Joan of Arc in French Art and Culture (1700–1855): From Satire to Sanctity. Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-5085-0.
  • Heimann, Nora; Coyle, Laura (2006). Joan of Arc: Her Image in France and America. Washington, DC: Corcoran Gallery of Art in association with D Giles Limited. ISBN 978-1-904832-19-5.

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