The Demographics of the Middle East describes populations of the Middle East, a region covering western and northern parts of the Asian and African continents respectively.

Encyclopedia Britannica definition of Middle East

Encyclopedia Britannica stated in 2018 that "by the mid-20th century a common definition of the Middle East encompassed the states or territories of Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, and the various states and territories of Arabia proper (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Trucial States, or Trucial Oman [now United Arab Emirates])."^[2]

List of countries by life expectancy at birth for 2021 according to the World Bank Group:^[3][4][5]

More information Countries & territories, Historical data ...

Countries & territories	2021				Historical data									COVID-19 impact
	All	Male	Female	Sex gap	2000	2000 →2014	2014	2014 →2019	2019	2019 →2020	2020	2020 →2021	2021	2019 →2021	2014 →2021
Israel	82.50	80.50	84.60	4.10	78.95	3.20	82.15	0.65	82.80	−0.16	82.65	−0.15	82.50	−0.30	0.35
Cyprus	81.20	79.21	83.20	3.99	76.57	4.20	80.77	0.63	81.40	−0.01	81.39	−0.19	81.20	−0.19	0.43
Qatar	79.27	78.31	80.94	2.62	74.83	4.94	79.77	1.22	80.99	−1.89	79.10	0.17	79.27	−1.72	−0.50
Bahrain	78.76	77.76	80.02	2.26	75.50	3.83	79.33	0.69	80.02	−0.84	79.17	−0.41	78.76	−1.26	−0.57
United Arab Emirates	78.71	77.22	80.94	3.72	74.38	4.66	79.04	0.68	79.73	−0.78	78.95	−0.24	78.71	−1.02	−0.33
Kuwait	78.67	77.19	81.46	4.27	76.72	2.72	79.44	0.24	79.69	−2.77	76.92	1.75	78.67	−1.01	−0.77
Saudi Arabia	76.94	75.59	78.77	3.18	72.47	4.29	76.76	0.55	77.30	−1.06	76.24	0.70	76.94	−0.37	0.18
Turkey	76.03	73.04	79.12	6.08	71.86	4.70	76.56	1.27	77.83	−1.98	75.85	0.18	76.03	−1.80	−0.53
Lebanon	75.05	72.85	77.25	4.40	73.93	5.04	78.97	0.26	79.24	−1.43	77.80	−2.76	75.05	−4.19	−3.93
Jordan	74.26	72.13	76.77	4.64	71.92	2.87	74.79	1.25	76.04	−0.86	75.18	−0.93	74.26	−1.79	−0.53
Iran	73.88	71.25	76.81	5.56	69.69	5.09	74.78	1.32	76.10	−1.27	74.83	−0.96	73.88	−2.23	−0.91
Palestine	73.47	71.09	75.94	4.84	70.39	2.23	72.62	2.62	75.24	−0.84	74.40	−0.93	73.47	−1.77	0.85
Oman	72.54	70.98	74.72	3.73	73.47	3.98	77.45	0.56	78.00	−3.24	74.76	−2.22	72.54	−5.46	−4.91
Syria	72.06	69.06	75.17	6.12	70.76	−7.61	63.15	8.67	71.82	0.32	72.14	−0.08	72.06	0.24	8.91
World	71.33	68.89	73.95	5.06	67.70	4.18	71.88	1.10	72.98	−0.74	72.24	−0.92	71.33	−1.65	−0.55
Iraq	70.38	68.20	72.42	4.22	66.82	2.10	68.91	2.66	71.58	−2.45	69.12	1.25	70.38	−1.20	1.46
Egypt	70.22	67.94	72.61	4.67	68.01	2.41	70.42	0.94	71.36	−0.37	70.99	−0.77	70.22	−1.14	−0.19
Yemen	63.75	60.63	67.13	6.51	62.59	4.80	67.38	−2.29	65.09	−0.44	64.65	−0.90	63.75	−1.34	−3.63

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In the year 1600, the population of the Middle East stood at about 18.5 million. Within modern borders:^[6]

• Anatolia - c. 6,500,000^[7]
• Iran - 4,472,000
• Yemen - 2,243,000
• Saudi Arabia - 1,809,000
• Syria - 1,175,000
• Iraq - 1,000,000
• Lebanon - 292,000
• Oman - 275,000
• Jordan - 191,000
• Palestine/Jerusalem- 161,000
• Cyprus - 98,000
• Kuwait - 71,000
• Bahrain - 54,000
• United Arab Emirates - 35,000

In addition, the population of North Africa was 12 million, with the following breakdown within borders:

• Egypt - 5,000,000
• Algeria - 2,250,000
• Morocco - 2,250,000
• Tunisia - 2,000,000
• Libya - 500,000

• Demographics of the Arab League
• Demographics of the Middle East and North Africa
• Ethnic groups in the Middle East
• Genetic history of the Middle East
• Largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East
• List of Middle Eastern countries by population