The title Duke of Exeter was created several times in England in the later Middle Ages. Exeter is the main town of Devon. It was first created for John Holland, the half-brother of King Richard II in 1397. That title was rescinded upon Henry IV's accession to the throne two years later. The title was then granted to the former's half-brother, Thomas Beaufort, 1st Earl of Dorset by his nephew Henry V. Following Beaufort's death without heirs in 1426, the title was restored to the Holland family, which held it until the 3rd Duke was attainted in 1461 as a Lancastrian, dying in 1475.

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• John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (1352–1400), half-brother of Richard II, was executed for treason against his half-brother's cousin and rival Henry IV Bolingbroke, at which point his honours were deprived.

• Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (c. 1377–1426), third legitimated son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (himself the third son of Edward III), died without issue, thus the dukedom was extinct.

Sometimes numbered 2nd and 3rd dukes in reference to the 1397 creation

• John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, 1st in this creation (1395–1447), son of the 1st Duke of the 1397 creation, was restored to his father's honours after service to his cousin, the Lancastrian king, Henry V
• Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter, 2nd in this creation (1430–1475), son of preceding, titles forfeited 1461

• Marquess of Exeter