Kalimantan (Indonesian pronunciation: [kaliˈmantan]) is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo.^[2] It constitutes 73% of the island's area, and consists of the provinces of Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are Brunei and East Malaysia. Colloquially in Indonesia, the whole island of Borneo is also called "Kalimantan".^[2]

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Kalimantan
Region
Location of Kalimantan (Indonesia) in Borneo Island
Coordinates: 1°S 114°E
Country	Indonesia
Province	West Kalimantan Central Kalimantan South Kalimantan East Kalimantan North Kalimantan
Largest cities	Balikpapan Banjarmasin Palangkaraya Pontianak Samarinda Tarakan Tanjung Selor
Population  (2020 Census)[1]
• Total	16,625,796
ISO 3166 code	ID-KA
Vehicle sign	DA KB KH KT KU
HDI	0.708 (High)

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In 2019, President of Indonesia Joko Widodo proposed that Indonesia's capital be moved to Kalimantan. The People's Consultative Assembly approved the Law on State Capital in January 2022.^[3] The new capital, Nusantara, is a planned city that will be carved out of East Kalimantan. A government official said construction is expected to take up to 10 years.^[4]

The name Kalimantan is derived from the Sanskrit word Kalamanthana, which means "burning weather island" or "very hot island", referring to its hot and humid tropical climate. It consists of the two words kal[a] ("time, season, period") and manthan[a] ("boiling, churning, burning") because of Indianized culture ^[5] But the Native people of the Indonesian Borneo referred to their island as Pulu K'lemantan or "Kalimantan" when the sixteenth century Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes made contact with them.^[6][7] Its association with the island and its people has also been attributed to British scientist and colonial administrator Charles Hose from the early 20th century.

The Indonesian territory makes up 73% of the island by area, and 72.1% of its 2020 population of 23,053,723 (the population was 13,772,543 at the 2010 Census of Indonesia, and 16,625,796 at the 2020 Census).^[8] The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are of Brunei (460,345 in 2020^[9]) and East Malaysia (5,967,582 in 2020), the latter comprising the states of Sabah (3,418,785) and Sarawak (2,453,677), and the federal territory of Labuan (95,120). The region within Indonesia is also known as Indonesian Borneo.

Kalimantan's total area is 539,237.77 square kilometres (208,201 sq mi).^[10]

The widespread deforestation and other environmental destruction in Kalimantan and other parts of Indonesia has often been described by academics as an ecocide.^[11][12][13]

Kalimantan is now divided into five provinces. It was administered as one province between 1945 and 1956, but in 1956 it was split into three provinces – East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and West Kalimantan; then in 1957, the province of Central Kalimantan was created when it was split away from the existing South Kalimantan. There remained four provinces until 25 October 2012, when North Kalimantan was split off from East Kalimantan.

^{* excluding North Kalimantan, split off from East Kalimantan with resulting population and area loss for the 2015 census.}

• List of rivers of Kalimantan
• Languages of Kalimantan