Earnscleugh is a small settlement and rural community, based alongside the Earnscleugh River in the Central Otago District, in the Otago region of New Zealand's South Island.^[3]

The area has vineyards and orchards.^[4][5][6]

Earnscleugh statistical area covers 391.85 km² (151.29 sq mi)^[1] and had an estimated population of 860 as of June 2023,^[2] with a population density of 2.2 people per km².

The statistical area had a population of 699 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 90 people (14.8%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 123 people (21.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 252 households, comprising 378 males and 321 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.18 males per female. The median age was 47.1 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 108 people (15.5%) aged under 15 years, 120 (17.2%) aged 15 to 29, 345 (49.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 129 (18.5%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 89.7% European/Pākehā, 5.6% Māori, 7.7% Pasifika, 2.1% Asian, and 1.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 19.7, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 53.2% had no religion, 39.5% were Christian, 0.4% were Buddhist and 0.9% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 141 (23.9%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 93 (15.7%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $35,200, compared with $31,800 nationally. 117 people (19.8%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 354 (59.9%) people were employed full-time, 120 (20.3%) were part-time, and 9 (1.5%) were unemployed.^[10]