East_Bird's_Head_languages
Mantion–Meyah languages
Language family of New Guinea
The Mantion–Meyah or (South) East Bird's Head languages are a language family of three languages in the "Bird's Head Peninsula" of western New Guinea, spoken by all together 20,000 people.
Mantion–Meyah | |
---|---|
East Bird's Head | |
Geographic distribution | Papua |
Linguistic classification | West Papuan?
|
Subdivisions |
|
Glottolog | east1459 |
East Bird's Head languages (in red) |
East Bird's Head stock (3 languages)
The pronouns Ross reconstructs for the proto-language (Usher's Southeast Bird's Head) are:
Number | |||
---|---|---|---|
Person | Singular | Plural | |
exclusive | inclusive | ||
1st | *da, *di- | *meme, *me- | *mimi, *mi- |
2nd | *ba, *bi- | *ia, *i- | |
3rd | *e, *- | *rua, *ri- |
Lexical similarities among East Bird's Head languages (Meyah, Moskona, Sougb, Hatam, Mansim) listed in Holton & Klamer (2018):[1]
gloss | Meyah | Moskona | Sougb | Hatam | Mansim |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
‘bird’ | mem | mem | ba | hab | waw |
‘louse’ | mej | mej | mem | mem | |
‘one’ | egens | erges | hom | gom | wom |
‘night’ | motu | mot | loba | mmun | |
‘I’ | didif | dif | dan | dani | danu |
Additional East Bird's Head basic vocabulary quoted by Holton & Klamer (2018)[1] from Miedema & Reesink (2004: 34) and (Reesink 2005: 202), showing diverse non-cognate vocabulary across different branches:[2][3]
gloss | Meyah | Moskona | Sougb | Hatam |
---|---|---|---|---|
arm/hand | etma | etma | s(i)ra | ndab |
leg/foot | aki | egak/oko | ohora | mig |
house | mod | mod | tu | ig |
good | oufa | ojfa | eigouh | kei |
dog | mes | mes | mihi | nsien |
pig | mek | mek | hwej | nab |
chicken | mongkukar | memkoar | berougb | guri |
louse | mej | mej | mem | mem |
water/river | mei | mij | uhu | nyei |
banana | meni | nej | wida |
The following basic vocabulary words are from Voorhoeve (1975)[4] and Miedema & Welling (1985),[5] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[6]
gloss | Manikion | Meyah | Meyah (Akrin dialect) | Meyah (Mumbrani dialect) | Meyah (Etskebi dialect) | Meyah (Miun dialect) | Meyah (Anason dialect) | Moskona | Moskona (Merdey dialect) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
head | mogt | ibirfa | méwifa | miːfa | méwèr | èwit | iwir | ibre | biwèr |
hair | mokodi | feji | méwifesi | miːfèsyi | meyfreits | iwirèfes | iwirèreys | feja | biwèrfesyé |
eye | ma-i resi | itec | yetèts | mitèt | eytet(s) | mèntèt | mèteys | iteja | bitèts |
tooth | mokta | bufon | mufon | mufon | bufon(afon) | fon | mefon | ifon | mu(o)fuon |
leg | mohoti-muʔ | maki | maki | maːki | meyak | ipèk | ikak | igaka | daki |
louse | kuta | mec | mèːt | mè(i)t(s) | meys | mais | meys | meyds | mèts |
dog | mehi | mes | mès | mès | mèt(y) | mèyt | mèt | mès | |
pig | hweij | mek | mèk | mèk -ui; mèk-us | mèk | mèk | mèːk | mèk | |
bird | ba | mem | mèm | mèm | mèm | mèm | meːm | mem | mèm |
egg | moʔwuʔ | ofou | òfeu | afo(i) ofo(i) | mémafu(i) | afeː | efiː | ofug | ofow |
blood | mokuhi | mugufu | okguwu | m(u)fora | -axof | aguf | agof | ifugwa | oxwofi |
bone | mori | mofora | acfora | (m)ogu(e) | afar | or | c(a)fon | ikofa | ofora |
skin | mos | mofos | a(o)wos | muos | menkar | afuots | awuot(y) | mosho | muos |
tree | sako | merga | mèga | òkàwu(n) | merga | apow | akow | mergowoho | okow |
man | giji | nuna | dusnok | mona | iːs | isosk | isnok | eris | runa |
sun | idesi; igda | mowa | mowa | mauwa | mauw | mouw | mauwa | mau | mou |
water | tohu | mei | mey | mey | miː | mey | miy | mei | mey |
fire | smow | mowoxo | maːx | maːx | merax | maːx | merax | merah | mèrax |
stone | idahabu | mamu | mamu | mami | mox(w)om | mekom | maukom | mamo | muosgoni |
name | moxo | mofoka | dufòkah | mufaka | bou(y)ok | ifap | iwuok | iwoko | buoka |
eat | eth | etmar | mit | miːt | mièt | mit | menèt | itmar | bitmar |
one | hom | ergens | èrgèns | èrgèns | èrgèns | afims | arfins | erges | èrgèns |
two | huay | ergek | ègeka | èrgèk | argak | afik | èrfik | ergak | ergak |
- Holton, Gary; Klamer, Marian (2018). "The Papuan languages of East Nusantara and the Bird's Head". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 569–640. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- Miedema, Jelle and Ger P. Reesink. 2004. One Head, Many Faces: New perspectives on the Bird’s Head Peninsula of New Guinea. Leiden: KITLV.
- Reesink, Ger P. 2005. West Papuan languages: roots and development. In: Pawley et al. (eds.) 185–218.
- Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi:10.15144/PL-B31
- Miedema, J. and Welling, F.I. "Fieldnotes on languages and dialects in the Kebar district, Bird's Head, Irian Jaya". In Adams, K., Lauck, L., Miedema, J., Welling, F., Stokhof, W., Flassy, D., Oguri, H., Collier, K., Gregerson, K., Phinnemore, T., Scorza, D., Davies, J., Comrie, B. and Abbott, S. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 22. A-63:29-52. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1985. doi:10.15144/PL-A63.29
- Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- Reesink, Ger P. (2002). "The Eastern Bird's Head Languages Compared". In Ger P. Reesink (ed.). Languages of the Eastern Bird's Head. Pacific Linguistics. Vol. 524. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 1–44. hdl:1885/146144.