Eastern_Mansi
Eastern Mansi language
Extinct Uralic language spoken in Russia
Eastern Mansi was a Uralic language spoken in Russia in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug around the river Konda. It became extinct in 2018, when its last speaker Maksim Šivtorov (Максим Семенович Шивторов) passed away.[5] It has Khanty and Siberian Tatar influence. There is vowel harmony, and for */æː/ it has [œː], frequently diphthongized.
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2024) |
| Eastern Mansi | |
|---|---|
| маньсь лынгх[1] маньсь нялм [2] | |
| Pronunciation | [mɒnʲsʲ lʲɘŋx], [mɒnʲsʲ nʲæləm] |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Khanty–Mansi |
| Extinct | 2018 |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | east2879 |
| ELP | Eastern Mansi |
 | |
 Eastern Mansi is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010) | |
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In Russian linguistics the Konda dialect used to be called the "southern Mansi (Kondinsky) dialect" (Russian: южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект[6]) or "eastern Mansi dialect group" (Russian: восточная группа диалектов).[7]
In the few instances that Eastern Mansi literature was printed and was from the native areas, it used an unchanged Russian-Cyrillic script like this:
The highlighted letters are found in loanwords, except нг which is considered as a singular letter in the “Ворыяп хумый” (“Two Hunters”) by P. K. Cheymetov,[8] and г is substituted with the letter й in some dialects [citation needed]
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ё ё |
| Ж ж | З з | И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м |
| Н н | Нг нг | О о | П п | Р р | С с | Т т |
| У у | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ |
| Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
![[icon]](./File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2024) |
Source:[9]
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | (Alveolo-) Palatal |
Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain | Labialized | ||||
| Nasals | /m/ м |
/n/ н |
/nʲ/ нь |
/ŋ/ [1] нг [3] |
|
| Stops | /p/ п |
/t/ т |
/tʲ/ ть |
/k/ к |
/kʷ/ кв |
| Affricate | /sʲ/ сь |
||||
| Fricatives | /s/ н |
/x/ [2] х /ɣ/ [1] г |
/xʷ/ [2] хв | ||
| Semivowels | /j/ й |
/w/ в | |||
| Laterals | /l/ л |
/lʲ/ ль |
|||
| Trill | /r/ р |
||||
Some remarks:
- Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear at the beginning of words.
- In Middle Konda it does not appear in the beginning of words, but in Lower Konda it does.
- /ŋ/ is also spelled with just н if it comes before к or х. This rule does not include suffixes; like in мынгым /mənɣəm/
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unrounded | Rounded | |||
| Close | i K[1] | y, yː K[3] | u, uː K[3] | |
| Close-mid | ɘ, ɘː KM | o, oː K[3] | ||
| Mid | e ~ i eːK [2] [3] |
(ə) | ||
| Near-open | æ, æː K | |||
| Open | a, aː K [4] | ɒ ~ ɑ K | ||
(KM=Present in Middle Konda | KU=Present in Lower Konda | K=Present in both)
Some remarks:
- Only present in palatal environments.
- It has the allophone /iː/.
- Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear in non-initial syllable positions.
- Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do /aː/ appear in first syllable positions.
Diphthongs
In Middle Konda, the diphthongs are /øæ/ or /øæ̯/ and /oɒ/ found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.
In Lower Konda, the /æø/ diphthong is usually realized as /œ/ which is only found in first syllable positions, while /øæ/ is found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.
- Mansi-Russian dictionary (Kondinsky dialect of the Mansi language), Based on the story by P. K. Cheymetov “Ворыяп хумый” (“Two Hunters”) page 48
- Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (2022-06-08). "Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic". PLOS ONE. 17 (6): e0269648. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1769648R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648. PMC 9176854. PMID 35675367.
- Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). Geographical database of the Uralic languages (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188
- Salminen, Tapani (2023). "Demography, endangerment, and revitalization". In Abondolo, Daniel Mario; Valijärvi, Riitta-Liisa (eds.). The Uralic languages. Routledge Language Family (2nd ed.). London New York: Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-138-65084-8.
- Кузакова Е.А. Южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект.: автореф. на соискат уч. степ. канд. филол. н. Л., 1963. (in Russian)
- Mansi-Russian dictionary (Kondinsky dialect of the Mansi language), Based on the story by P. K. Cheymetov “Ворыяп хумый” (“Two Hunters”) page 36
- Ромбандеева, Е. И. (1976). "Мансийский язык". Основы финно-угорского языкознания. Марийский, пермский и угорские языки (in Russian). Москва: Наука. pp. 229–239.
- Баландин А.Н., Вахрушева М.П. Мансийско-русский словарь с лексическими параллелями из южно-мансийского (кондинского) диалекта. Л., 1958. (in Russian)
- Кузакова Е.А. Южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект.: автореф. на соискат уч. степ. канд. филол. н. Л., 1963. (in Russian)
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