First term as Senator: 1996–2000

In 1996, at the age of 32, Bhatia was elected Senator at Large by the Popular Democratic Party, becoming the youngest Puerto Rican senator in that four-year term and one of the youngest in the history of the Senate of Puerto Rico. As member of numerous Senatorial committees and spokesperson for his party, his efforts were focused toward increasing employment and educational opportunities for Puerto Rico's youth. He also sought consensus, joining PNP senators in co-sponsoring legislation. An example was the introduction of a bill with Sen. Kenneth McClintock to improve financial education in public schools, which was vetoed by Gov. Pedro Rosselló.^[11] A political analyst acknowledged his hard work by calling Mr. Bhatia "Puerto Rico's top senator."^[7]

Campaign for mayor of San Juan: 2000–2003

In 2000, ran for mayor of San Juan against New Progressive Party candidate Jorge Santini. However, he was defeated by less than 4,000 votes.^[12] After that, Bhatia worked as a lawyer in private practice and as a professor at the University of Puerto Rico, School of Law in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. During this time Bhatia was also involved in community work.^[7]

Executive Director of the Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration: 2005–2008

In January 2005, Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá appointed Bhatia as Executive Director of the Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration in Washington, D.C. As such, Bhatia represented the Governor on matters before state and federal agencies as well as before Congress and the Executive branch. He managed PRFAA's staff in the areas of Government Affairs, Federal Grants, Communications, Outreach and Public Affairs and Community Affairs, to carry out the agency's mission of advancing the well-being of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and of Puerto Ricans in the United States.

As the Governor's Official Representative in the United States, he worked in education, health and environmental issues. He had also been working in special projects that will help increase economic growth in Puerto Rico's rural areas.^[7]

Bhatia resigned to the position on February 15, 2008, to run again for Senator. He was succeeded by attorney Flavio Cumpiano.

Second term as Senator: 2008–2020

Bhatia was elected as an official Senate candidate in the PPD primary on March 9, 2008, becoming the second most voted person of all the pre-candidates for Senate.^[13] At the 2008 general elections, Bhatia won one of only five Senate seats obtained by his party.^[14] After the elections, the PPD Senate caucus reelected Senator José Luis Dalmau for a third term as PDP Senate Leader and elected Bhatia as Minority Whip.

Bhatia presented his candidacy for reelection in 2012. At the primaries that year, he was the candidate with most votes, securing his spot for the general elections.^[15] During the elections, Bhatia was the PPD candidate to the Senate with most votes, and the second overall. After the win, Senator Eduardo Bhatia was elected among his peers as the 15th President of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Bhatia was reelected once more in the 2016 General Election. However, his party lost the majority in the Senate and he was succeeded by Thomas Rivera Schatz as the President of the Senate of Puerto Rico.^[16]

Tenure as Senate President

During his tenure as Senate President, Bhatia was selected as Chair of the Council of State Governments of the Eastern Regional Conference (CSG-ERC) and later elected as President of the National Hispanic Caucus of State Legislators, by 72% of the vote, becoming the first Senate President and the first Puerto Rican, resident of the island to preside over the organization. He also seats in the board of the Council of State Government (CSG), National Association of Latino Elected Officials (NALEO) and the National Hispanic Leadership Agenda (NHLA). During his tenure, he has authored Puerto Rico's Energy Reform law and has tackled education reform legislation.