Minister for Infrastructure and Development, 2007–2013

In the government of Prime Minister Donald Tusk, Bieńkowska served as Minister for Infrastructure and Development for Poland, as well as Deputy Prime Minister from the end of 2013 until the end of September 2014.^[6] In this capacity, she was charge of allocating European Union funding and the country's transport infrastructure.^[7] Under her leadership, the ministry was Poland's second-largest department after the ministry of finance, with 1,600 employees and nine deputy ministers.^[5] In February 2013, she secured €105.8 billion from the EU budget for 2014-20.^[5]

Member of the European Commission, 2014–2019

On 3 September 2014, Bieńkowska was announced as the Polish nominee to the European Commission, in place of foreign affairs minister Radek Sikorski, who had been put forward in August in a bid to secure the post of High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.^[8]

On 10 September 2014, Juncker designated Bieńkowska as European Commissioner for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs, following which, on 1 November 2014, she took office in the Juncker Commission.

In her capacity as Commissioner, Bieńkowska was in charge of the industrial part of the EU’s defence and security strategy^[9] and chaired the European Commission's High-level Group of Personalities on Defence Research from 2015.^[10] In 2016, she proposed the European Defence Fund and the accompanying European Defense Industrial Development Program, as part of the response to Britain’s decision to leave the EU.^[11][12]

Also during her time in office, Bieńkowska pushed for the European Commission to have oversight powers to supervise national controls and tests for cars in the wake of the Volkswagen emissions scandal.^[13] In 2018, she called for investing Horizon Europe funds of €20 billion into artificial intelligence research.^[14]