Empire_Test_Pilots'_School

Empire Test Pilots' School

Empire Test Pilots' School

British training school for test pilots and flight test engineers

The Empire Test Pilots' School (ETPS) is a British training school for test pilots and flight test engineers of fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft at MoD Boscombe Down in Wiltshire, England. It was established in 1943, the first of its type. The school moved to RAF Cranfield in October 1945, then to the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough in July 1947, before returning to Boscombe Down on 29 January 1968.[1]

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Its motto is "Learn to test; test to learn".

ETPS is run by the MoD and defence contractor QinetiQ under a long-term agreement.

History

In 1943, Air Marshal Sir Ralph Sorley, Controller, Research and Development, MAP, formed the "Test Pilots' Training Flight" at RAF Boscombe Down after many pilots died testing the many new aircraft introduced during the Second World War.[2]

On 21 June 1943, the unit became the Test Pilots' School within the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A&AEE) at Boscombe Down.[3] The school was "to provide suitably trained pilots for testing duties in aeronautical research and development establishments within the service and the industry".[4] It graduated one group of students, the Number 1 Course, which began in mid-1943 and formally ended on 29 February 1944,[5] before the school's name was changed to the "Empire Test Pilots' School" (ETPS) on 28 July 1944.[1]

The first training course, held by the Commandant, Wing Commander Samuel "Sammy" Wroath with G. Maclaren Humphreys, a civilian, as Technical Instructor, was initially attended by 18 pilots, drawn largely from the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy but included three civilian attendees (all from the Bristol Aeroplane Company).[6] Five students found the standard of maths required on the course to be too high and left within the first week;[7] the 13 students who completed the first course comprised 11 from the RAF (including one American, Sqn Ldr JC Nelson, who was serving with one of the Eagle Squadrons) and two from the FAA.[8] Of those who attended No. 1 Course, five eventually died testing aircraft.[9]

The Armstrong Whitworth Apollo served the ETPS as a multi-engined trainer at Farnborough during the mid-fifties

Due to the rapid growth of the A&AEE, at Boscombe Down, the school moved to RAF Cranfield in October 1945. On 12 July 1947, it was attached to the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, where it remained for almost 21 years, flying a wide variety of aircraft types, before returning to Boscombe Down on 29 January 1968.[1]

Until 1963, the course catered to both fixed-wing and rotary-wing pilots, with the latter specializing late in the course. In 1963, a separate rotary-wing course was established,[10] followed in 1974 by a course for Flight test engineers. The school also offers a number of short courses "to meet specific Air Test and Evaluation (AT&E) training needs of the wider flight test community".[11]

In 2001, ETPS was included with those research departments sold off by the Government to Carlyle Group during the formation of QinetiQ. It is now a partnership between QinetiQ and the UK MoD.

The Empire Test Pilots' School was the first of its kind, and was soon followed by other similar schools, such as the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California in 1944, the United States Naval Test Pilot School in Maryland in 1945 and the EPNER in France (École du Personnel Navigant d'Essais et de Réception) in 1946. Other schools in India (Indian Air Force Test Pilot School in Bangalore) and Japan were established in later years. Some of these schools operate exchange programmes, which expand the variety of aircraft the students have available to them for gaining flight test experience.[12]

In addition to such student exchanges, British, French and American schools share access to their aircraft, so that students can experience a wider range of aircraft types during their respective courses.[13]

ETPS commandants

RJ100 in 2013
Qinetiq/ETPS BAe Avro 146 RJ70 arrives at the 2017 Royal International Air Tattoo, England. LTPA on the forward fuselage indicates the Long Term Partnering Agreement between Qinetiq and the UK Ministry of Defence

Commandants' names prior to 1968 from the ETPS 25th anniversary brochure;[14] 1968–88, from Wing Commander "Robby" Robinson's "Tester Zero One".[15] The term "Commandant" was succeeded in 1976 by "Chief Instructor" and in 1980 by "Officer Commanding".

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Aircraft

AgustaWestland AW-109E Power (ZE416) of the Empire Test Pilots' School at the 2017 RIAT, England
An ETPS Gripen at RIAT 2008
Since retired SEPECAT Jaguar T2 in 2005

As at 18 August 2019 ETPS uses the following types of aircraft:[17]

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In the past the school has operated: BAe Hawk T.1 XX343,[18] Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet, Hawker Siddeley Andover XS606,[19] Beagle Basset, Westland Gazelle, North American Harvard, SEPECAT Jaguar, Westland Lynx, Westland Sea King, Panavia Tornado, Short Tucano & Eurocopter Squirrel.[20]

ETPS graduates

ETPS graduates who have made significant contributions to aviation and/or space exploration.

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Course trophies and awards

Recipients' names prior to 1968 are taken from the ETPS 25th anniversary brochure.[14] Others up to and including 1983, unless otherwise stated, from Rawlings & Sedgwick 1991, pp. 124–36.

In the tables of trophy winners the following abbreviation are used in the course names:

  • FW:  Fixed wing
  • RW:  Rotary wing
  • FTE: Flight test engineer

Legend
      The individual was killed in an aviation accident.

McKenna Trophy

In memory of the second Commandant of the School, Group Captain JFX McKenna, AFC, killed in a flying accident while serving in that post.[lower-alpha 1][22] Initially the school awarded the McKenna Trophy to the best fixed-wing student, but it is now open to the rotary-wing course as well.

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Edwards Trophy

This trophy is awarded by the Edwards Air Force Base in California to the student who makes the greatest progress on the course.

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Hawker Hunter Trophy

This trophy, a model of the Hawker Hunter, was first awarded in 1960 by the Hawker Aircraft Company to the student who wrote the best Preview Handling report on the course. Since 1966 syndicates of two or three students have carried out the Preview Exercise; the trophy is awarded to the best team.

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Patuxent Shield

This trophy, instituted in 1961, is awarded by the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, Patuxent River, to the runner-up for the McKenna Trophy.

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Westland Trophy

The Westland Trophy, originally presented by Westland Aircraft Limited in 1963, is awarded to the best all-round student on the Rotary Wing Course.

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Sir Alan Cobham Award

Presented to ETPS in 1974 by Michael Cobham, son of Sir Alan Cobham, this trophy is awarded to the fixed wing student who demonstrates the highest standard of flying during the course. The trophy is a silver model of a Short Singapore II flying-boat, which was originally awarded to Sir Alan and his wife in 1928 "in commemoration of their epic circuit of Africa flight in 1927 in such a flying-boat".[48]

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Dunlop Trophy

The Dunlop Trophy, initially awarded by the Dunlop Rubber company in 1974, is awarded to the best student on each Flight Test Engineers' course.

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See also

References

Notes

  1. On 19 January 1945 flying a North American Mustang IV, when an ammunition box cover detached at high speed, causing structural failure of a wing. The aircraft crashed on the perimeter of Old Sarum airfield.
  2. Sqn Ldr Whittome died in a flying accident in a Spitfire in 1948.[25]
  3. Flt Lt Hough died in a flying accident in a Sycamore in 1953.[26]
  4. Ross died in a flying accident in a Javelin in 1954.[27]
  5. Capt. Fryklund died in a flying accident in 1954.[27]
  6. Capt. Bignamini died in a flying accident.[27]
  7. Died in an accident in an F-100 Super Sabre while on Reserve training with the Air National Guard in 1965.[28]
  8. Died in a flying accident on 10 August 1976.[42]
  9. A. Shaked died in a flying accident in a Dornier Do 28.[43]

Citations

  1. [1]
    Sturtivant 1997, p. 112.
  2. [2]
    "Origins of Flight Test". ETPS. QinetiQ. Archived from the original on 7 March 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  3. [3]
    Sturtivant 1997, p. 44.
  4. [4]
    Johnson 1986, p. 19.
  5. [5]
    Johnson 1986, p. 31.
  6. [6]
    Johnson 1986, p. 23.
  7. [7]
    Johnson 1986, p. 25.
  8. [8]
    Johnson 1986, p. 27.
  9. [9]
    Johnson 1986, p. 32.
  10. [10]
    Field, Hugh (8 March 1973). "Learning to Test". Flight International. 103 (3339). Flight global: 340. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  11. [11]
    "Short Courses". ETPS. QinetiQ. Archived from the original on 12 May 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  12. [12]
    Johnson 1986, pp. 39, 40.
  13. [13]
    "Learning to Test". Flight International. 158 (4757). Flight global: 41. 4 December 2000. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  14. [14]
    ETPS 1968.
  15. [15]
    Robinson 2007, p. 280.
  16. [16]
    "CO ETPS", Our training team, QinetiQ, 2010, archived from the original on 29 April 2011, retrieved 19 December 2010.
  17. [17]
    "Our Aircraft". ETPS. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  18. [18]
    Hall 1992, p. 87.
  19. [19]
    Hall 1992, p. 38.
  20. [20]
    Flack 2005, p. 267.
  21. [21]
    Australian Chapter, The Association of Old Crows.
  22. [22]
    "1940–45", Test Flying Memorial of British test pilots and engineers dead while test-flying, archived from the original on 2 August 2009, retrieved 26 February 2010 .
  23. [23]
    "DR Cuming", The Canberra Times (biographical detail), 17 April 2002[permanent dead link].
  24. [24]
    "Test Pilots Dine – Passing-out Dinner and Presentation of McKenna Trophy at Cranfield". Flight Magazine. 95 (LI): 238. 20 March 1947. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
  25. [25]
    Rawlings & Sedgwick 1991, p. 126.
  26. [26]
    Rawlings & Sedgwick 1991, p. 127.
  27. [27]
    Rawlings & Sedgwick 1991, p. 128.
  28. [28]
    Rawlings & Sedgwick 1991, p. 130.
  29. [29]
    Rawlings & Sedgwick 1991, p. 83.
  30. [30]
    "ETPS – The McKenna Dinner". Flight Magazine. 102 (3329): 917. 28 December 1972. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  31. [31]
    "Chief Test Pilot Thomas Morgenfeld". AIAA Savannah. 2010. Archived from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  32. [32]
    "ETPS McKenna Dinner". Flight International. 113 (3592): 172. 21 January 1978. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  33. [33]
    "Boscombe Down Pilots' Award". Flight International. 114 (3640): 2239. 22 December 1978. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  34. [34]
    "The Empire Test Pilots' School End-of-Course McKenna Dinner". Flight International. 119 (3741): 10. 17 January 1981. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  35. [35]
    Johnson 1986, p. 270.
  36. [36]
    "NASA Astronauts with Texas Roots". Texas Space Grant Consortium. 1 August 2004. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  37. [37]
    "Astronaut biography – Frank de Winne". European Space Agency. 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  38. [38]
    "Royal Navy to celebrate centenary of naval aviation with flypast over HMS Illustrious in London". Your Defence News. Red Mist Media. 1 May 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2010.[permanent dead link]
  39. [39]
    "Trophies", The Daily Telegraph, 14 December 2001
  40. [40]
    "Top Stories: Best Test Pilot". Airforce News. 45 (3). AU: Defence Public Affairs and Corporate Communication; Directorate of Internal Communications. 13 March 2003. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  41. [41]
    "Pilots". The Yakovlevs (air display team). 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.[permanent dead link]
  42. [42]
    Rawlings & Sedgwick 1991, p. 131.
  43. [43]
    Rawlings & Sedgwick 1991, p. 133.
  44. [44]
    "Newsletter" (PDF). The Hawker Association. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  45. [45]
    Farley, John (18 February 2007). "Aviators Extraordinary". PPRuNe. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  46. [46]
    "Astronaut biography – Michel Tognini". European Space Agency. 21 November 2005. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  47. [47]
    "Eric Fitzpatrick". Empire Test Pilots' School. QinetiQ. Archived from the original on 18 April 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
  48. [48]
    Rawlings & Sedgwick 1991, p. 90.
  49. [49]
    "Test & Research Pilots" (Blogger), Flight Test Engineers (web log), January 2008.
  50. [50]
    Leo, Jeoh (2007). "Tech Edge: Near-Space, Near Future". Pointer: Journal of the Singapore Armed Forces. 33 (1). Government of Singapore. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
  51. [51]
    Alle Hens: Logboek – Wie Wat Waar (PDF) (in Dutch), Royal Netherlands Navy, 2009, p. 35, retrieved 11 April 2010[permanent dead link]

Bibliography

  • The Empire Test Pilots' School – Twenty Five Years (brochure) (4 ed.), HMSO for The Empire Test Pilots' School, 1968, 68 pp.
  • Hall, A. W. (1992). RAF Today. London, UK: Bison Books. ISBN 0-86124-313-7.
  • Flack, J. (2005). The Modern RAF. Marlborough, UK: Crowood Press. ISBN 1-86126-616-2.
  • Johnson, Brian (1986), Test Pilot, BBC Books, p. 287, ISBN 0-563-20502-4.
  • Rawlings, John; Sedgwick, Hilary (1991), Learn to Test, Test to Learn – The History of the Empire Test Pilots' School, Shrewsbury: Airlife, p. 138, ISBN 1-85310-080-3.
  • Robinson, JA 'Robby' (2007), Tester Zero One, Old Forge Publishing, ISBN 978-1-906183-00-4.
  • Sturtivant, Ray (1997), Royal Air Force Flying Training and Support Units, Air Britain (Historians), ISBN 0-85130-252-1.
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