Mother Tongue Society (Estonian: Emakeele Selts) is an Estonian organization that focuses on topics related to the Estonian language.^[1]

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The organization was established on 23 March 1920 at Tartu University. Today, the organization is located in Tallinn. The organization is an associated organization of Estonian Academy of Sciences.^[1]

• Akadeemilise Emakeele Seltsi aastaraamat, 1921–1926
• Eesti Keel, 1922–1940
• Emakeele Seltsi Aastaraamat, 1955–
• Kodumurre, 1960–2002
• Oma Keel, 2000–

Directors:^[2]

• Lauri Kettunen: 1920–1924
• Andrus Saareste: 1925–1933, 1935, 1936–1941
• Julius Mägiste: 1934, 1936
• Arnold Kask: 1944, 1968–1982
• Johannes Voldemar Veski: 1946–1968
• Huno Rätsep: 1982–1989
• Tiit-Rein Viitso: 1989, 1993–1997
• Eeva Ahven: 1989–1990
• Henn Saari: 1990–1992
• Jüri Viikberg: 1992–1993
• Mati Erelt: 1997–2006
• Helle Metslang: seit 2006

• Mati Erelt: Emakeele selts 80, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 5/2000, pp. 313–316.
• Ülo Tedre: Emakeele selts Nõukogude aastail, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 8/2000, pp. 578–582.