A Treaty of Perpetual Peace (also "Treaty of Eternal Peace" or simply Perpetual Peace, Russian: Вечный мир, Lithuanian: Amžinoji taika, Polish: Pokój wieczysty, in Polish tradition Grzymułtowski Peace, Polish: Pokój Grzymułtowskiego) between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was signed on 6 May 1686 in Moscow by Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth envoys: voivod of Poznań Krzysztof Grzymułtowski and chancellor (kanclerz) of Lithuania Marcjan Ogiński and Russian knyaz Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn. These parties were incited to cooperate after a major geopolitical intervention in Ukraine on the part of the Ottoman Empire.^[1]

The treaty confirmed the earlier Truce of Andrusovo of 1667.^[1] It consisted of a preamble and 33 articles. The treaty secured Russia's possession of Left-bank Ukraine plus the right-bank city of Kiev.^[2] 146,000 rubles were to be paid to Poland as compensation for the loss of the Left Bank.^[2] The region of Zaporizhian Sich, Siverian lands, cities of Chernihiv, Starodub, Smolensk and its outskirts were also ceded to Russia, while Poland retained Right-bank Ukraine. Both parties agreed not to sign a separate treaty with the Ottoman Empire.^[2] By signing this treaty, Russia became a member of the anti-Turkish coalition, which comprised Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Holy Roman Empire and Venice. Russia pledged to organize a military campaign against the Crimean Khanate, which led to the Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700).

The treaty was a major success for Russian diplomacy. Strongly opposed in Poland-Lithuania, it was not ratified by the Sejm (parliament of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) until 1710.^[2][3] The legal legitimacy of its ratification has been disputed.^[4] According to Jacek Staszewski, the treaty was not confirmed by a resolution of the Sejm until the Convocation Sejm (1764).^[5]

The borders between Russia and the Commonwealth established by the treaty remained in effect until the First Partition of Poland in 1772.

• Holy League (1684)