Ethiopia competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. The nation returned to the Olympic Games after a 12 year absence, having boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States and 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. Twenty competitors, fourteen men and six women, took part in eleven events in two sports.^[1]

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.^[2]

Men's 5.000 metres

• Fita Bayissa
  • Heat — 13:31.24
  • Final — 13:13.03 (→ Bronze Medal)
• Worku Bikila
  • Heat — 13:32.93
  • Final — 13:23.52 (→ 6th place)
• Addis Abebe
  • Heat — 13:40.76 (→ did not advance)

Men's 10.000 metres

• Addis Abebe
  • Heat — 28:15.76
  • Final — 28:00.07 (→ Bronze Medal)
• Fita Bayisa
  • Heat — 28:23.55
  • Final — 28:27.68 (→ 9th place)

Men's Marathon

• Tena Megere — 2:17.07 (→ 23rd place)
• Zerehune Gitaw — 2:28.25 (→ 61st place)
• Abebe Mekonnen — did not finish (→ no ranking)

Men's 20 km Walk

• Shemisu Hasen — 1:32:39 (→ 25th place)

Women's 800 metres

• Zewdie Hailemariam
  • Heat — 2:03.85 (→ did not advance)

Women's 10.000 metres

• Derartu Tulu
  • Heat — 31:55.67
  • Final — 31:06.02 (→ Gold Medal)
• Moreda Tigist
  • Heat — 32:14.42
  • Final — 34:05.56 (→ 18th place)
• Luchia Yeshak
  • Qualifying Heat — 34:12.16 (→ did not advance)

Women's Marathon

• Addis Gezahegu — 2:58.27 (→ 30th place)

Five male cyclists represented Ethiopia in 1992.

Men's road race

• Biruk Abebe
• Asmelash Geyesus
• Tekle Hailemikael

Men's team time trial

• Biruk Abebe
• Hailu Fana
• Asmelash Geyesus
• Daniel Tesfaye