F._A._de_Pass
Frank de Pass
Recipient of the Victoria Cross
Frank Alexander de Pass, VC (26 April 1887 – 25 November 1914) was an officer in the British Indian Army and a recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was the first Jew to receive the VC.[1][2]
Frank de Pass | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1887-04-26)26 April 1887 Kensington, Middlesex, England |
| Died | 25 November 1914(1914-11-25) (aged 27) Festubert, France |
| Buried | Bethune Town Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/ | British Indian Army |
| Years of service | 1906–1914 |
| Rank | Lieutenant |
| Unit | Royal Horse Artillery 34th Prince Albert Victor's Own Poona Horse |
| Battles/wars | First World War |
| Awards | Victoria Cross Mentioned in Despatches |
De Pass was born in Kensington to London merchant Sir Eliot de Pass and Beatrice de Mercado.[3] The family's original surname, Shalom, was translated to the Spanish word for peace and became Paz before being anglicised to Pass when the family first settled in England in the 1660s.[4][1] De Pass attended Rugby School.[5]
His sister, Marjorie, married Sir Henry Kitson and had two sons, including Sir Frank Kitson.[6]
By the age of 27, De Pass had attained the rank of lieutenant in the 34th Prince Albert Victor's Own Poona Horse.
On 24 November 1914, de Pass entered a German sap near Festubert, France, and destroyed a traverse in the face of the enemy's bombs. He also rescued, under heavy fire, a wounded man who was lying exposed to enemy bullets in the open. The next day, de Pass was killed in a second attempt to capture the sap, which the enemy had re-occupied. He was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross on 18 February 1915.[7] His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Army Museum in Chelsea, London.National Army Museum (2023). "Lieutenant Frank de Pass". National Army Museum. Retrieved 25 November 2023. The full citation for the award reads as follows:
For conspicuous bravery near Festubert on the 24th November, in entering a German sap and destroying a traverse in the face of the enemy's bombs, and for subsequently rescuing, under heavy fire, a wounded man who was lying exposed in the open. Lieutenant de Pass lost his life on this day in a second attempt to capture the aforementioned sap, which had been re-occupied by the enemy.
In 2014, on the centennial of his death, de Pass was honoured with a memorial paving stone laid outside the Ministry of Defence in Whitehall, London.[2] The ceremony was attended by his nephew, Colonel Jonny Kitson, his great nephew Thomas Kitson and Victoria Cross recipient Sergeant Johnson Beharry.[1]
- "First World War hero honoured at Whitehall". gov.uk. 25 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- Culbertson, Alix (26 November 2014). "First Jewish Victoria Cross recipient honoured 100 years after being shot dead". Get West London. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- Field, Peter Old (2014). Victoria Crosses on the Western Front August 1914 – April 1915: Mons to Hill 60. Pen and Sword. p. 184. ISBN 9781783030439.
- De Pass, Frank Alexander, Commonwealth War Graves Commission
- Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. p. 2208. ISBN 0-9711966-2-1.
- "No. 29074". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 February 1916. p. 1700.
- Gliddon, Gerald (2011) [1994]. 1914. VCs of the First World War. The History Press. ISBN 978-0752459080.