The Federal Medical-Biological Agency^[2] (FMBA; Russian: Федеральное медико-биологическое агентство, ФМБА России) is the national public health institute of the Russian Federation. The agency is a federal agency under the Government of Russia and is headquartered in Volokolamsk Highway, in Moscow.

The FMBA was known previously as Federal Directorate for Biomedical and Extremal problems until October 11, 2004, when it was renamed into the current name. During the Soviet regime, since 1947, the Third Main Directorate of the Health Care ministry was responsible for such duties.

Today, its main goal is to protect public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and disability. The Agency (FMBA) focuses national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention. It especially focuses its attention on infectious disease, food borne pathogens, environmental health, occupational safety and health, health promotion, injury prevention and educational activities designed to improve the health of Russian citizens. In addition, the FMBA researches and provides information on non-infectious diseases.^{[citation needed]}

• The FMBA Blood Center
• Central Medical-Sanitation Unit No. 1, responsible for medical help for Baikonur Cosmodrome workers.
• Directorate for Inspection and control over epidemic and sanitary security
• Directorate for organization of science research.
• Main Bureau for medical and social expertise
• Rosplasma - Russian medicine scientific center for blood plasma.

• Director: Veronika Skvortsova
  • Deputy Director: Vladimir Romanov
  • Deputy Director: Vyacheslav Rogozhnikov
  • Deputy Director: Andrey Sereda
  • Deputy Director: Yulia Miroshnikova
  • Deputy Director: Irina Fadeyeva

• Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)