Finland competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia and Stockholm, Sweden (equestrian events). 64 competitors, 63 men and 1 woman, took part in 62 events in 14 sports.^[1]

Men's Marathon

• Veikko Karvonen — 2:27:47 (→ Bronze Medal)
• Eino Oksanen — 2:36:10 (→ 10th place)
• Paavo Kotila — 2:37:10 (→ 13th place)

Sprint

• Paul Nyman — 18th place

Time trial

• Paul Nyman — 1:16.1 (→ 18th place)

Individual road race

• Paul Nyman — 5:23:40 (→ 11th place)

Men's 10m Platform

• Helge Vasenius
  • Preliminary Round — 66.63 (→ did not advance, 16th place)

Two fencers, both men, represented Finland in 1956.

Men's épée

• Rolf Wiik
• Wäinö Korhonen

Three male pentathletes represented Finland in 1956. Wäinö Korhonen won the bronze and Ole Mannonen won the silver in the individual event. In the team event, the Finnish pentathletes won bronze.

Individual

• Ole Mannonen
• Wäinö Korhonen
• Berndt Katter

Team

• Ole Mannonen
• Wäinö Korhonen
• Berndt Katter

Finland had five male rowers participate in two out of seven rowing events in 1956.^[2]

Men's coxless four

• Kauko Hänninen
• Reino Poutanen
• Veli Lehtelä
• Toimi Pitkänen

Men's coxed four

• Kauko Hänninen
• Reino Poutanen
• Veli Lehtelä
• Toimi Pitkänen
• Matti Niemi (cox)

Four shooters represented Finland in 1956. Pentti Linnosvuo won gold in the 50 m pistol and Vilho Ylönen won bronze in the 300 m rifle, three positions.

25 m pistol

• Pentti Linnosvuo
• Kalle Sievänen

50 m pistol

• Pentti Linnosvuo
• Kalle Sievänen

300 m rifle, three positions

• Vilho Ylönen
• Jorma Taitto

50 m rifle, three positions

• Vilho Ylönen
• Jorma Taitto

50 m rifle, prone

• Vilho Ylönen
• Jorma Taitto

• Viljo Punkari^[3]