Foreign_relations_of_Ghana

Foreign relations of Ghana

Foreign relations of Ghana

Overview of the foreign relations of Ghana

The foreign relations of Ghana are controlled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ghana. Ghana is active in the United Nations and many of its specialised agencies, the World Trade Organization, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States. Ghana generally follows the consensus of the Non-aligned Movement and the OAU on economic and political issues not directly affecting its own interests. Ghana has been extremely active in international peacekeeping activities under UN auspices in Lebanon, Afghanistan, Rwanda, and the Balkans, in addition to an eight-year sub-regional initiative with its ECOWAS partners to develop and then enforce a cease-fire in Liberia. Ghana is also a member of the International Criminal Court.

Guiding principles and objectives

Ghana's foreign policy since independence has been characterised by a commitment to the principles and ideals of non-alignment and Pan-Africanism as first enunciated by Kwame Nkrumah in the early 1960s. For Nkrumah, non-alignment meant complete independence from the policies and alliances of both East and West and support for a worldwide union of so-called non-aligned nations as a counter to both East and West power blocs. Pan-Africanism, by contrast, was a specifically African policy that envisioned the independence of Africa from Western colonialism and the eventual economic and political unity of the African continent.[1]

The PNDC, like most of its predecessors, made serious and consistent attempts at the practical application of these ideals and principles, and its successor, the NDC government, promises to follow in the PNDC's footsteps. Under the NDC, Ghana remains committed to the principle of non-alignment in world politics. Ghana is also opposed to interference in the internal affairs of both small and large countries. This is a departure from Nkrumah's foreign policy approach; Nkrumah was frequently accused of subverting African regimes, such as Togo and Ivory Coast, which he considered ideologically conservative. The NDC government, like the PNDC before it, believes in the principle of self-determination, including the right to political independence and the right of people to pursue their economic and social development free from external interference. Another feature of NDC rule carried over from the PNDC era is faithfulness to what a leading scholar of Africa has called "one of the most successful neoclassical economic reform efforts supported by the IMF and the World Bank."[1]

Kwame Nkrumah and his family meeting Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser during the 1965 OAU Summit in Accra.

The broad objectives of Ghana's foreign policy thus include maintaining friendly relations and cooperation with all countries that desire such cooperation, irrespective of ideological considerations, on the basis of mutual respect and non-interference in each other's internal affairs. Africa and its liberation and unity are naturally the cornerstones of Ghana's foreign policy. As a founding member of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), NDC policy is to adhere faithfully to the OAU Charter.[1]

Another important principle of Ghana's foreign policy involves the closest possible cooperation with neighbouring countries with which the people of Ghana share cultural history, ties of blood, and economics. The results have included various bilateral trade and economic agreements and permanent joint commissions involving Ghana and its immediate neighbours, sometimes in the face of latent ideological and political differences and mutual suspicion, as well as numerous reciprocal state visits by high-ranking officials. These measures have contributed significantly to subregional cooperation, development, and the reduction of tension.[1]

Diplomatic missions of Ghana

As an example of Ghana's interest in regional cooperation, the country enthusiastically endorsed formation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in 1975. This organisation was created specifically to foster inter-regional economic and political cooperation. It has served as a useful vehicle for contacts with neighbouring West African governments and for channelling increased Ghanaian exports to regional markets. Since 1990 ECOWAS has been engaged in a peacekeeping mission in Liberia to which Ghana has contributed a large contingent of troops. Ghana has participated in other international peacekeeping efforts as well, sending soldiers to operations of the United Nations (UN) in Cambodia in 1992-93 and Rwanda in 1993-94.[1]

In August 1994, Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman, a post that had eluded him since the PNDC came to power. He immediately undertook several initiatives to reduce tensions and conflict in West Africa. Notable among them was the Akosombo Accord of September 12, designed to end civil war in Liberia.[1]


Diplomatic relations

List of Countries which Ghana maintains diplomatic relations with:

More information #, Country ...

Bilateral relations

Africa

More information Country, Formal Relations Began ...

Americas

More information Country, Formal Relations Began ...

Asia

More information Country, Formal Relations Began ...

Europe

More information Country, Formal Relations Began ...

Oceania

More information Country, Formal Relations Began ...

Ghana and the Commonwealth of Nations

Recipient of the 2008 Chatham House Prize and 10th President of Ghana John Kufuor with Prince Philip, the Husband of the Head of the Commonwealth and Queen of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II.

Ghana has been a member state of the Commonwealth since independence in 1957, firstly as a Dominion, then as a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations.

See also

References

  1. [1]
    Owusu, Maxwell. "Guiding Principles and Objectives". A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. [2]
    Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. (1970). The Diplomatic Service List. H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 136–149.
  3. [3]
    "Report 1956-57 Government of India Ministry of External Affairs". p. 30. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  4. [4]
    "Countries & Regions". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  5. [5]
    "Today, we celebrate 60 years of formal diplomatic relations with Ghana!". 6 March 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  6. [6]
    "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Ghana". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  7. [7]
    "Ghana: Steckbrief". auswaertiges-amt.de (in German). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  8. [8]
    Liberia Today Volumes 5-7. Liberian Embassy in Washington. 1956. p. 7. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  9. [9]
    "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF). Diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  10. [10]
    Linwood, DeLong (January 2020). "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  11. [11]
    Levey, Zach (April 2003). "The Rise and Decline of a Special Relationship: Israel and Ghana, 1957-1966". African Studies Review. 46 (1): 158. doi:10.2307/1514985. JSTOR 1514985. S2CID 144903465.
  12. [12]
    "Reception on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the diplomatic relations between Russia and Ghana". Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации. 29 January 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  13. [13]
    "Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 29 (2). Department of External Affairs: 128. February 1958. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  14. [14]
    Awakening Africa - Volume 1. Bureau of African Affairs. 1962. p. 113.
  15. [15]
    Giant Stride Forward: Republic of Guinea, First Year of Freedom. The Embassy of Guinea to the United States. 1959. p. 18.
  16. [16]
    "Ghana – Turkey Relations". Embassy of the Republic of Ghana Ankara, Turkey. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  17. [17]
    "Relations between Türkiye and Ghana". Repunic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  18. [18]
    Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts, 6–10. United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1959. p. 41.
  19. [19]
    Summary of the Yugoslav Press. The Service. 1959. p. 4.
  20. [20]
    Lazar Focsaneanu. "Chronologie des faits internationaux d'ordre juridique. Annuaire Français de Droit International / Année 1959 / 5 /". persee.fr (in French). p. 921. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  21. [21]
    W. Scott Thompson (1969). Ghana's foreign policy, 1957-1966; diplomacy, ideology, and the new state. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press. p. 445.
  22. [22]
    "AMSTERDAM van DAG tot DAG Feestelijke opening N.V. Fijnhouthandel". NRC Handelsblad (in Dutch). 8 May 1959. Retrieved 7 January 2024. Z.K.H. Prins Bernhard heeft vanmorgen jn tegenwoordigheid van de Hoge Commissaris van Ghana, Z.E. Asafu Adjay...
  23. [23]
    Sudan Almanac. Republic of the Sudan. 1960. p. 36.
  24. [24]
    Belgisch staatsblad Issues 275-326 (in French and Dutch). 1959. 1959. p. 8127.
  25. [25]
    "Cuba aboga por consolidar las relaciones diplomáticas con Ghana". granma.cu (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  26. [26]
    "Ghana". gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  27. [27]
    "About Indonesia". Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  28. [28]
    Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts - Issues 66-70 - Page 4. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1960.
  29. [29]
    W. Scott Thompson (1969). Ghana's foreign policy, 1957-1966; diplomacy, ideology, and the new state. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press. p. 445.
  30. [30]
    "Introduction of China-Ghana Relations". Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Ghana. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  31. [31]
    "No 1631. Nomination de M. René Keller en qualité d'ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire de la Confédération suisse au Ghana, en Guinée, au Libéria et au Togo, avec résidence à Accra; sa promotion au grade de ministre de II classe". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  32. [32]
    Dei-Anang, Michael (1975). The Administration of Ghana's Foreign Relations, 1957-1965 A Personal Memoir. University of London, The Athlone Press published for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies. p. 76.
  33. [33]
    "Journal officiel de la Republique du Mali de l'annee 1 Novembre 1960" (PDF) (in French). p. 855. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  34. [34]
    "Todos los países" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  35. [35]
    Michael Dei-Anang (1975). The Administration of Ghana's Foreign Relations, 1957-1965. University of London, The Athlone Press published for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies. p. 75. Libya : Ghana's mission in Tripoli from 1960 and for many years afterwards was occupied by a Chargé d'Affaires ;
  36. [36]
    "Ghana" (in French). Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  37. [37]
    Petruf, Pavol. Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 (in Slovak). pp. 99–119.
  38. [38]
    1963 Ferguson's Ceylon Directory (105 ed.). The Ceylon Observer Press. 1963. p. 167.
  39. [39]
    "Coopération Ghana-Côte d'Ivoire : les enjeux économiques de la première visite du président ghanéen Nana Akufo-Addo en terre ivoirienne". abidjan.net (in French). 6 May 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  40. [40]
    "Comunicado Conjunto Estableciendo Relaciones Diplomáticas entre la República Argentina y la República de Ghana". Biblioteca Digital de Tratados (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  41. [41]
    W. Scott Thompson (1969). Ghana's foreign policy, 1957-1966; diplomacy, ideology, and the new state. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press. p. 447.
  42. [42]
    Commonwealth Papers. University of London. Institute of Commonwealth Studies. 1974. p. 76.
  43. [43]
    W. Scott Thompson (1969). Ghana's foreign policy, 1957-1966; diplomacy, ideology, and the new state. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press. p. 447.
  44. [44]
    Ghana Gazette. 1962. p. 238.
  45. [45]
    The Middle East Journal Autumn 1961: Vol 15 Iss 4. Middle East Institute. Autumn 1961. p. 418. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  46. [46]
    "Hoy conmemoramos el 61 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Ghana". Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  47. [47]
    "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian).
  48. [48]
    "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministerul Afacerilor Externe. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  49. [49]
    Bulletin de la Chambre de commerce, d'agriculture, d'industrie et d'artisanat du Niger Issues 64-79 (in French). Chambre de commerce, d'agriculture, d'industrie et d'artisanat du Niger. 1961. pp. A-8.
  50. [50]
    Udenrigsministeriets kalender (in Danish). Denmark. Udenrigsministeriet. 1967. p. 197.
  51. [51]
    "Relaciones bilaterales". Embajada de Chile en Ghana (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  52. [52]
    Directory of Albanian officials. CIA. 1988. pp. 41–47. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  53. [53]
    Dei-Anang, Michael (1975). The Administration of Ghana's Foreign Relations, 1957-1965: A Personal Memoir. University of London, The Athlone Press published for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies. p. 76.
  54. [54]
    Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 84-85. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. p. 7.
  55. [55]
    Daily report, foreign radio broadcasts 1962 no.120-121. 1962. p. 142.
  56. [56]
    Daily Graphic Issue 19431 April 10, 2014. Graphic Communications Group Limited. 10 April 2014. p. 29.
  57. [57]
    Reporter East Africa's Fortnightly Newsmagazine · Volume 2, Issues 37-77. News Publishing Limited. 1962. p. 27.
  58. [58]
    Africa Diary Volume 3. M. Chhabra. 1963. p. 986.
  59. [59]
    "CHRONOLOGIE INTERNATIONALE: Etablissement des relations diplomatiques par l'Algérie" (in French). p. 39. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  60. [60]
    Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 163-164. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1963. p. 3. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  61. [61]
    Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 244-245. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1953. p. 9. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  62. [62]
    Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 29-30. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1964. p. 14. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  63. [63]
    Ghana News Volume 2. Embassy of Ghana. 1964. p. 11. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  64. [64]
    Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 156.
  65. [65]
    Documents diplomatiques français Volume 1 (in French). France. Commission de publication des documents diplomatiques français. 2006. p. 140. M. K. Ameko, Ambassadeur du Ghana à Bujumbura depuis le 25 août 1964.
  66. [66]
    Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1964. p. 184.
  67. [67]
    "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp. 8–9. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  68. [68]
    Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho (in Spanish). Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2003. pp. 528–529.
  69. [69]
    "Africa". April 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  70. [70]
    "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  71. [71]
    West Africa. West Africa Publishing Company, Limited. 1965. p. 659.
  72. [72]
    "Diplomatic and Consular List" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia. March 2020. p. 4-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  73. [73]
    "TANZANIA AND GHANA: CONSEQUENCES OF BREACH OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS. Joint Memorandum by Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and Minister for Overseas Development". The National Archives. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  74. [74]
    "GHANA: KING MOSHOESHOE OF LESOTHO ENDS HIS STATE VISIT. (1966)". British PATHE. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  75. [75]
    Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1967. p. 794. Ghana - Central African Republic . Mr. Quashie , Ghanaian Ambassador to the CAR , has presented his credentials to President Bokassa . ( MAC 14/6 )
  76. [76]
    Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1967. p. 834. Chad-Ghana. M. John Quashie, the new Ghanian Ambassador to Chad, with residence in Kinshasa, has presented his credentials to President Tombalbaye (ATP 24/7)
  77. [77]
    "GHANA: 3. RELACIONES BILATERALES CON ESPAÑA" (PDF). exteriores.gob.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  78. [78]
    "Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations". 16 April 2021. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  79. [79]
    Europe, France outremer - Issues 453-464 (in French). 1967. p. 59. R.C.A. , CONGO - KINSHASA , RWANDA , MADAGASCAR , TCHAD Ambassadeur du Ghana ( résidant à Kinshasa ) : M. John Quashie .
  80. [80]
    "Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara - negara luar" (in Malay). Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  81. [81]
    "Bulletin de documentation_1968_3" (PDF). sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 22. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  82. [82]
    Ghana Today. Vol. 13. 1969. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  83. [83]
    Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1971. p. 2130. Ghana-Equatorial Guinea. The Ghanaian Ambassador to Nigeria, Major-General M. A. Aferi, has been accredited to Equatorial Guinea on a non-residential basis. (GT 4/6)
  84. [84]
    Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 4335–4411. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1973. p. 4.
  85. [85]
    "PRESS RELEASE BY THE MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE PROMOTION: Minister Abela announces the opening of a new Malta High Commission in Ghana". gov.mt. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  86. [86]
    Third Year in Office of Colonel Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, 13th January 1974-12th January 1975. Ghana. National Redemption Council. Office of the Press Secretary. 1975. p. 137.
  87. [87]
    "Ghana-Iran Relations". ghanaembassy-iran.com. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  88. [88]
    "Kuwait marks National, Liberation days in Accra". 3 March 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  89. [89]
    "Países" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  90. [90]
    "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  91. [91]
    "Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten" (PDF). gov.sr (in Dutch). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  92. [92]
    "Ghana-Angola Relations". Embassy of the Republic of Ghana Luanda, Angola. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  93. [93]
    West Africa. West Africa Publishing Company. 1977. p. 1906.
  94. [94]
    Muzart-Fonseca dos Santos, Idelette; Manuel Da Costa Esteves, José; Rolland, Denis (2007). Les îles du Cap-Vert: langues, mémoires, histoire (in French). L'Harmattan. pp. 239–240.
  95. [95]
    "Overview". mofa.go.kr. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  96. [96]
    "Finland and Ghana". Finland Abroad. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  97. [97]
    "Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  98. [98]
    "Bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  99. [99]
    Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa Issues 1968-1977. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1978. p. 17.
  100. [100]
    "Diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  101. [101]
    Sub-Saharan Africa Report - Issues 2121-2127. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1979. p. 8.
  102. [102]
    Richard, Schwartz (2001). Coming to terms : Zimbabwe in the international arena. London ; New York : I.B. Tauris. pp. 85–89.
  103. [103]
    "قطر و العالم". www.mofa.gov.qa. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  104. [104]
    Le Mois en Afrique Issues 186-193 (in French). 1981. p. 159.
  105. [105]
    Near East/North Africa Report No. 2394. United States Joint Publications Research Service. 1981. p. 16. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  106. [106]
    "Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  107. [107]
    "La Política Exterior de Uruguay hacia los países africanos durante los gobiernos del Frente Amplio (2005-2017): ¿construcción de nuevas relaciones Sur-Sur?" (PDF). Ciencias Sociales (in Spanish): 225. 2019.
  108. [108]
    "สาธารณรัฐกานา (Ghana)". mfa.go.th (in Thai). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  109. [109]
    "Diplomatic relations between Ghana and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  110. [110]
    Tratados y convenios bilaterales (in Spanish). Bolivia. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto. 1989. p. 264.
  111. [111]
    Chibamba, Abraham (1990). Right is Might. p. 149.
  112. [112]
    "RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ" (PDF). p. 195. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  113. [113]
    Joseph A. Kechichian. "Countries with which Oman has diplomatic relations" (PDF). Oman and the World The emergence of an independent foreign policy. pp. 319–322. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  114. [114]
    African Defence Journal 101-112. African Defence Journal. 1989. p. 17.
  115. [115]
    "MFA Press Statement on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Ghana and the Republic of Singapore" (PDF). nas.gov.sg. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  116. [116]
    Mushelenga, Samuel Abraham Peyavali (2008). "Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state" (PDF). pp. 254–259.
  117. [117]
    "Ambassador presents credentials in Ghana". Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  118. [118]
    Brunei Darussalam. Broadcasting and Information Department, Prime Minister's Office. 1991. p. 152.
  119. [119]
    "Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". mfa.gov.lv. 1 July 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  120. [120]
    "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia" (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  121. [121]
    "Belarus to boost exports to Ghana". Belarus.by. 22 January 2015. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  122. [122]
    "Ghana - Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  123. [123]
    "Middle East and Africa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  124. [124]
    "Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения" (in Russian). Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  125. [125]
    "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  126. [126]
    "Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  127. [127]
    "Bilateral relations". MFA Moldova. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  128. [128]
    "The Republic of Ghana". mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  129. [129]
    "STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  130. [130]
    "GHANA, REPUBLIC OF". MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF GEORGIA. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  131. [131]
    Đogić, Mojca Pristavec (September 2016). "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF) (in Slovenian). Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  132. [132]
    "Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  133. [133]
    "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  134. [134]
    "Štáty a teritóriá" (in Slovak). Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  135. [135]
    "STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  136. [136]
    "LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS" (PDF). Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  137. [137]
    "Transition (1990 - 1994) - Chronologies: 1994". omalley.nelsonmandela.org. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  138. [138]
    "LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados). Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  139. [139]
    "Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala" (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  140. [140]
    "Diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  141. [141]
    "LIST OF MEMBER STATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (193) HAVING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CAMBODIA". mfaic.gov.kh. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  142. [142]
    Africa Research Bulletin Political, social, and cultural series · Volume 32. Blackwell. 1995. p. 12101.
  143. [143]
    "Bilateral relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  144. [144]
    "Política Bilateral" (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  145. [145]
    "Order of Precedence Among Heads of Diplomatic Missions". Diplomatic & Consular Representatives Accredited to NZ. Archived from the original on 11 August 2002. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  146. [146]
    "Three envoys present Credentials to President". GhanaWeb. 26 August 2004. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  147. [147]
    "King receives credentials of new ambassadors". kingabdullah.jo. 5 June 2007. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  148. [148]
    "Diplomatic and Consular List" (PDF). pp. 104–112. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  149. [149]
    "Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino" (in Italian). Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  150. [150]
    "Ghana seeking new areas of cooperation with Bahamas. The Bahamas Weekly".
  151. [151]
    "Diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  152. [152]
    "Embajador de Ghana presenta cartas credenciales". La Prensa (in Spanish). 29 August 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  153. [153]
    Gëzim Visoka (2018). Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 219–221. ISBN 9781138285330.
  154. [154]
    "Formal diplomatic relations list" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  155. [155]
    "South Sudan appoints first ambassador to Ghana". 16 September 2014.
  156. [156]
    "Kwesi Ahwoi is Ghana's first Ambassador to Comoros". City 97.3 fm. 5 July 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  157. [157]
    "H.E. THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC RECEIVES LETTER OF CREDENCE FROM SEVEN FRIENDLY COUNTRIES". Archived from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  158. [158]
    "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  159. [159]
    "Ambassador of Antigua and Barbuda to Ethiopia with concurrent accreditation to Ghana..." 10 March 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  160. [160]
    "Paraguay y Ghana buscan estrechar vínculos". mre.gov.py (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  161. [161]
    "El Salvador establece relaciones diplomáticas con seis países de África". Salvadoreño.Noticias (in Spanish). September 18, 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  162. [162]
    "Marking a milestone in our relations with Pacific countries, today in Rarotonga the Prime Minister of the Cook Islands Hon. @MarkBrownPM and I signed an MOU to establish diplomatic relations between our two countries". 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  163. [163]
    Julien, Creswell R. (1991). A Civics Handbook on Grenada. p. 80.
  164. [164]
    "PRESENTATION OF CREDENTIALS TO THE PRESIDENT OF GUINEA BISSAU ON 7TH DECEMBER, 2023". Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  165. [165]
    "Ghana, Nicaragua to strengthen ties". GhanaWeb. 2 November 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  166. [166]
    "Ayorkor Botchwey calls for strengthening of Ghana-São Tomé and Príncipe relation". 24 October 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  167. [167]
    Owusu, Maxwell. "Burkina". A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  168. [168]
    Giant Stride Forward: Republic of Guinea, First Year of Freedom. The Embassy of Guinea to the United States. 1959. p. 18.
  169. [169]
    "Embassy of the Republic of Ghana - Conakry, Guinea". Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  170. [170]
    "Coopération Ghana-Côte d'Ivoire : les enjeux économiques de la première visite du président ghanéen Nana Akufo-Addo en terre ivoirienne". abidjan.net (in French). 6 May 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  171. [171]
    Owusu, Maxwell. "Relations with Immediate African Neighbours". A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  172. [172]
    Dei-Anang, Michael (1975). The Administration of Ghana's Foreign Relations, 1957-1965 A Personal Memoir. University of London, The Athlone Press published for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies. p. 76.
  173. [173]
    "Transition (1990 - 1994) - Chronologies: 1994". omalley.nelsonmandela.org. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  174. [174]
    Africa Diary Volume 3. M. Chhabra. 1963. p. 986.
  175. [175]
    "Impressions of Togo after the 'coup'". 18 February 2005 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  176. [176]
    "Comunicado Conjunto Estableciendo Relaciones Diplomáticas entre la República Argentina y la República de Ghana". Biblioteca Digital de Tratados (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  177. [177]
    "Relaciones bilaterales". Embajada de Chile en Ghana (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  178. [178]
    "Diplomatic Relations Between Colombia and Ghana as of 23 June 1988". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  179. [179]
    "Ghana, Colombia strengthen bilateral relations with cooperation agreements". graphic.com.gh. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  180. [180]
    "Cuba aboga por consolidar las relaciones diplomáticas con Ghana". granma.cu (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  181. [181]
    "Hoy conmemoramos el 61 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Ghana". Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  182. [182]
    "Gaceta Parlamentaria, Número 3432-III, miércoles 18 de enero de 2012: Ghana (in Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2018-03-29.
  183. [183]
    "Embassy of Ghana in the United States". Archived from the original on 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2018-03-29.
  184. [184]
    "Información Relevante". embamex.sre.gob.mx.
  185. [185]
    "Diplomatic Relations Between Peru and Ghana as of 23 June 1987". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  186. [186]
    "Suriname opens embassy in Ghana after closure of South African mission". MENAFN. 2019-03-05.
  187. [187]
    "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Ghana". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  188. [188]
    Third Year in Office of Colonel Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, 13th January 1974-12th January 1975. Ghana. National Redemption Council. Office of the Press Secretary. 1975. p. 137.
  189. [189]
    "Introduction of China-Ghana Relations". Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Ghana. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  190. [190]
    "Report 1956-57 Government of India Ministry of External Affairs". p. 30. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  191. [191]
    Pakistan-Ghana. thenews.com.pk.
  192. [192]
    "Relations between Turkey and Ghana".
  193. [193]
    Udenrigsministeriets kalender (in Danish). Denmark. Udenrigsministeriet. 1967. p. 197.
  194. [194]
    "PRESS RELEASE BY THE MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE PROMOTION: Minister Abela announces the opening of a new Malta High Commission in Ghana". gov.mt. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  195. [195]
    "Ghana". gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  196. [196]
    "GHANA: 3. RELACIONES BILATERALES CON ESPAÑA" (PDF). exteriores.gob.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  197. [197]
    "Ghana High Commission Ghana High Commission is set to co ordinate". Brazil Consulate.
  198. [198]
    "British High Commission Accra - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk.
  199. [199]
    "Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 29 (2). Department of External Affairs: 128. February 1958. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  200. [200]
    "Order of Precedence Among Heads of Diplomatic Missions". Diplomatic & Consular Representatives Accredited to NZ. Archived from the original on 11 August 2002. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Foreign_relations_of_Ghana, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.