French Fifth Republic

The Fifth Republic (French: Cinquième République) is France's current republican system of government. It was established on 4 October 1958 by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic.[5] The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic, replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential (or dual-executive) system[6] that split powers between a president as head of state and a Prime minister as head of government.[7] Charles de Gaulle, who was the First French president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958, believed in a strong head of state, which he described as embodying l'esprit de la nation ("the spirit of the nation").[8]

Fifth French Republic Cinquième République française (French)
Flag Emblem[upper-roman 2]
Motto: "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité" (French) "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
Anthem: "La Marseillaise"
Great Seal:
Location of France (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)
Capital and largest city	Paris 48°51.4′N 2°21.05′E
Official language and national language	French[upper-roman 3]
Religion	Secular State [lower-alpha 1] In Alsace-Moselle Roman Catholicism Calvinism Lutheranism
Government	Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic
• President	Emmanuel Macron
• Prime Minister	Élisabeth Borne
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	National Assembly
Establishment
• Current constitution	4 October 1958 (64 years)
Currency	Euro (EUR) CFP franc (XPF)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (AD)
Calling code	+33[upper-roman 4]
ISO 3166 code	FR
Internet TLD	.fr[upper-roman 5]
Preceded by French Fourth Republic

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History of France
Ancient Prehistory   Greek colonies 600 BC – 49 BC Celtic Gaul   until 50 BC Roman Gaul 50 BC – 486 AD
Middle Ages Francia and the Franks   Merovingians 481–751 Carolingians 751–987 Direct Capetians 987–1328 Valois 1328–1498
Early modern Ancien Régime Valois-Orléans kings 1498–1515 Valois-Angoulême kings 1515–1589 Bourbon kings 1589–1792
Long 19th century French Revolution 1789–1799 Kingdom of France 1791–1792 First Republic 1792–1804 First Empire 1804–1814 Restoration 1814–1830 July Monarchy 1830–1848 Second Republic 1848–1852 Second Empire 1852–1870 Third Republic 1870–1940     Belle Époque 1871–1914
20th century Third Republic 1870–1940     Interwar period 1919–1939         Années folles 1920–1929 Free France Vichy France 1940–1944 Provisional Republic 1944–1946 Fourth Republic 1946–1958 Fifth Republic 1958–present
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The Fifth Republic is France's third-longest-lasting political regime, after the hereditary, feudal monarchy of the Ancien Régime and the parliamentary Third Republic (1870 September 4–1940 July 10). The Fifth Republic will overtake the Third Republic (which lasted 25511 days) as the second-longest French regime and the longest-lasting French republic on 8 August 2028 if it remains unreplaced.