Friedrich Engels

Friedrich Engels (/ˈɛŋ(ɡ)əlz/ ENG-(g)əlz,[2][3][4] German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈʔɛŋl̩s]; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, critic of political economy, historian, political theorist and revolutionary socialist. He was also a businessman, journalist and political activist, whose father was an owner of large textile factories in Salford (Lancashire, England) and Barmen, Prussia (now Wuppertal, Germany).[5][6][7]

Friedrich Engels
Engels in Brighton by William Hall, 1879
Born	(1820-11-28)28 November 1820 Barmen, Jülich-Cleves-Berg, Kingdom of Prussia, German Confederation (part of modern Wuppertal, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)
Died	5 August 1895(1895-08-05) (aged 74) London, England
Nationality	German
Political party	Communist Correspondence Committee (until 1847) Communist League (1847–1852) International Workingmen's Association (1864–1872)
Philosophy career
Education	Gymnasium zu Elberfeld (withdrew)[1] University of Berlin (no degree)[1]
Notable work	The Condition of the Working Class in England, Anti-Dühring, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, The German Ideology
Partner(s)	Mary Burns (died 1863) Lizzie Burns ​ ​ (m. 1878; died 1878)​
Era	19th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Continental philosophy Marxism
Main interests	Political philosophy, political economy, class struggle, criticism of capitalism
Notable ideas	Alienation and exploitation of the worker, dialectical materialism, historical materialism, false consciousness
Influences Feuerbach Fourier Goethe Hegel Heraclitus Hess Marx Morgan Ricardo Rousseau Smith Stirner
Influenced List of Marxists
Signature

Engels developed what is now known as Marxism together with Karl Marx. In 1845, he published The Condition of the Working Class in England, based on personal observations and research in English cities. In 1848, Engels co-authored The Communist Manifesto with Marx and also authored and co-authored (primarily with Marx) many other works. Later, Engels supported Marx financially, allowing him to do research and write Das Kapital. After Marx's death, Engels edited the second and third volumes of Das Kapital. Additionally, Engels organised Marx's notes on the Theories of Surplus Value which were later published as the "fourth volume" of Das Kapital.[8][9] In 1884, he published The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State on the basis of Marx's ethnographic research.

On 5 August 1895, aged 74, Engels died of laryngeal cancer in London. Following cremation, his ashes were scattered off Beachy Head, near Eastbourne.