Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels (/ˈɛŋ(ɡ)əlz/ ENG-(g)əlz,[2][3][4] German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈʔɛŋl̩s]), sometimes anglicised as Frederick Engels (28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895), was a German philosopher, critic of political economy, historian, political theorist and revolutionary socialist. He was also a businessman, journalist and political activist, whose father was an owner of large textile factories in Salford (Lancashire, England) and Barmen, Prussia (now Wuppertal, Germany).[5][6][7]
Friedrich Engels | |
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.jpg) Friedrich Engels in Brighton by William Hall, 1879 | |
| Born | 28 November 1820 |
| Died | 5 August 1895 (aged 74) London, England |
| Nationality | German |
| Political party | Communist League (1847–1852) International Workingmen's Association (1864–1872) |
Philosophy career | |
| Education | Gymnasium zu Elberfeld (withdrew)[1] University of Berlin (no degree)[1] |
Notable work | The Condition of the Working Class in England, Anti-Dühring, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, The German Ideology |
| Era | 19th-century philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | Continental philosophy Marxism |
Main interests | Political philosophy, political economy, class struggle, criticism of capitalism |
Notable ideas | Alienation and exploitation of the worker, dialectical materialism, historical materialism |
Influenced | |
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Engels developed what is now known as Marxism together with Karl Marx. In 1845, he published The Condition of the Working Class in England, based on personal observations and research in English cities. In 1848, Engels co-authored The Communist Manifesto with Marx and also authored and co-authored (primarily with Marx) many other works. Later, Engels supported Marx financially, allowing him to do research and write Das Kapital. After Marx's death, Engels edited the second and third volumes of Das Kapital. Additionally, Engels organised Marx's notes on the Theories of Surplus Value which were later published as the "fourth volume" of Das Kapital.[8][9] In 1884, he published The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State on the basis of Marx's ethnographic research.
On 5 August 1895, aged 74, Engels died of laryngeal cancer in London. Following cremation, his ashes were scattered off Beachy Head, near Eastbourne.