The Fugitive Doctor^{[lower-alpha 1]} is an incarnation of the Doctor,^[5][6][7][8] the protagonist of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. She is portrayed by the English actress Jo Martin, the first person of colour to play the role.^[9]

Within the programme's narrative, the Doctor is a Time Lord, from the planet Gallifrey. The Doctor travels in a time-travelling space ship, the TARDIS. Possessing alien physiology, the Doctor, when critically injured, can regenerate into a new body, gaining a new physical appearance and personality. This plot device has allowed a number of actors, both male and female, to portray the Doctor through the decades. Each actor to play the Doctor offers a different take on the Doctor's essential personality.

It was initially unknown where this incarnation, who is encountered during the Thirteenth Doctor's (Jodie Whittaker) era, fit within the show's fictional chronology, although many commenters speculated that she was from the Doctor's past, prior to the First Doctor.^[7][10][11] It was confirmed so in "Once, Upon Time" (2021) from a period that was erased from the Doctor's memory, along with multiple other incarnations. The Thirteenth Doctor first encounters her on Earth, where she had hidden herself from the Time Lords, for whom she had been compelled to work as part of the mysterious "Division".

The Fugitive Doctor is the darkest incarnation of the character, with an acerbic tongue and a short temper.^[12] She is a battle-hardened figure who does not suffer fools gladly, with an authoritative and composed demeanour who will happily use weapons specifically her sonic gun rather than the sonic screwdriver that she later uses when shes developed a conscience in future regenerations.

The Fugitive Doctor first appears in "Fugitive of the Judoon", disguised as human tour guide Ruth Clayton by means of a Chameleon Arch. As Ruth, she lives alongside her "husband" Lee in 21st century Gloucester with no knowledge of her true nature. The Judoon locate her and invade the city, intending to present her to Galifreyan Commander Gat.^[5] Lee, a fellow Time Lord and fugitive, directs Ruth to a lighthouse, where her previous identity is restored.^[13] At the same time, the Thirteenth Doctor finds a police box buried in the grounds – Ruth's TARDIS. As they reveal their identities to one another it transpires that neither Doctor recognises the other, leading to confusion between the pair as they both assumed the other was a future version of themselves. After tricking Gat into accidentally killing herself with a malfunctioning gun, the Fugitive Doctor parts with her other self acrimoniously.^[14]

She reappears in "The Timeless Children", when the Thirteenth Doctor is trapped in the Matrix by the Master. He informs her that she is the Timeless Child, and had lived many lives prior to what she believed to be her first incarnation. In trying to escape and reconcile this knowledge with her identity, she encounters a projection of the Fugitive Doctor.^[15] The projection reminds her that she has never previously been defined by her past before disappearing.^[16]

The Fugitive Doctor reappears in "Once, Upon Time".^[17] In that episode, the Thirteenth Doctor has been cast back into her past timestream to her previous visit to the Temple of Atropos, where she last confronted the Ravagers known as Swarm and Azure. Thirteen finds she has no memory of the events, but upon spotting her reflection in a mirrored wall panel sees she is in her Fugitive Doctor incarnation. The Thirteenth Doctor learns that the Fugitive Doctor had led a team of Division operatives, including the Lupari officer Karvanista, to capture the two Ravagers and uses her past self's methods as an inspiration to fix the situation in the present.

In "The Vanquishers", Karvanista finally reveals to the Thirteenth Doctor that he was actually once the Fugitive Doctor's companion. However, she abandoned him at some point, which has made him bitter towards the Doctor. Karvanista is unable to tell the Thirteenth Doctor anything about her past as the Fugitive Doctor because the Division has implanted a device in his brain that will kill him if he tries. The Doctor later recovers a fob watch containing all of her lost memories, but she chooses to deposit it deeper into the TARDIS for safe-keeping until a time that she really needs it, rather than recovering those lost memories.

The Fugitive Doctor reappears in "The Power of the Doctor" as an AI hologram which is used to trick The Master after he has stolen the Doctor's body. The Fugitive Doctor assists Yaz and Vinder to bring the Doctor back.

Unlike all other incarnations of the character, Martin's Doctor will readily make use of available weaponry to decisively end conflict. She exhibited this violent streak when she attacked a Judoon, before manipulating a foe into unknowingly killing themselves with it.^[14]

The character is intended to hark back to earlier Doctors, to suggest that she is from the Thirteenth Doctor's past. She declines to use a sonic screwdriver and refers to the TARDIS as her "ship", much like the First Doctor.^[13] The interior of her TARDIS is also modelled after the set used in the 1960s, with white walls and an identical central console.^[12][19] The Fugitive Doctor didnt disown the name of Doctor like the War Doctor did because she didnt want to make the promise of "never cruel or cowardly, never give up, never give in" in the first place, like the name would later become, hence her darker nature. Both incarnations being labelled by words "War" and "Fugitive" and not being numbered demonstrates their characters lessened moral compass with the War Doctor and absent with the fugitive.

Her costume was designed by Ray Holman to reflect her sterner nature. Black combat trousers and boots both hint at a Doctor accustomed to fighting and call back to the costume of the Twelfth Doctor. A dark-coloured Scottish tweed waistcoat and frock coat, with a period cut after the classic Doctors, add to the suggestion of a fiercer incarnation.^[20] A brightly coloured shirt with a stand collar and frilled cuffs provide a contrast to hint at the Doctor's eccentricity^[15] and were made from African Kente cloth as a tribute to the actor's heritage and the significance of her casting. This Doctor has also occasionally worn a pair of yellow sunglasses with this outfit.^[20]

Jo Martin was cast as the programme's first black Doctor, a milestone which met with much praise from commentators.^[21][22]

It was not announced prior to the broadcast of the character's first appearance in "Fugitive of the Judoon" that a new Doctor would be debuting. Promotional materials credited Jo Martin only as playing Ruth, while she herself was not told that she would be playing the Doctor until she was offered the part after her audition. She was then only able to tell her husband the character she was playing.^[12]

Martin's performance as the Fugitive Doctor has been lauded by critics,^[2][23] with some expressing their desire to see more of the character on screen.^[16][24] Conversely, Merryana Salem of Junkee criticised the reveal that the Doctor had previously been a woman as undermining Whittaker’s significance as the first female incarnation.^[25]