Fusako Sano (佐野 房子^[1], Sano Fusako, also known by the pseudonym Sachiko Yamada (山田 幸子^[2], Yamada Sachiko)) (born November 28, 1980^[1]) is a Japanese woman who was kidnapped at age nine by Nobuyuki Satō (佐藤 宣行, Satō Nobuyuki),^[3] and held in captivity for nine years and two months from November 13, 1990, to January 28, 2000. In Japan, the case is also known as the " Niigata girl confinement incident" (新潟少女監禁事件, Niigata shōjo kankin jiken).

Fusako Sano, then a fourth grade elementary school girl, disappeared on November 13, 1990, at age nine^[4] after watching a school baseball game in her home town of Sanjō, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. A large police search failed to find the missing girl. Police even considered the possibility that she had been kidnapped by North Korean intelligence operatives.

She had been kidnapped by Nobuyuki Satō (born July 15, 1962), then a 28-year-old mentally disturbed unemployed Japanese man, who forced her into his car, and subsequently held her in the upstairs floor of his apartment in a residential area of Kashiwazaki, Niigata Prefecture for 9 years and two months. The house is only 200 meters from a kōban (police substation), and 55 kilometers from the location where she was kidnapped.

Whilst Sano was initially scared, according to her own statements, she eventually just gave up and accepted her fate. Allegedly, Sato kept her tied up for several months and used a stun gun for punishments if she did not videotape horse races on television. Sano was also threatened with a knife and beatings. Her kidnapper shared his men's clothes with her and gave her food three times per day, either instant food or meals cooked by his mother, who lived downstairs in the house. He also cut Sano's hair. Since there was no bath or toilet upstairs where Sano was confined, she was only able to take a bath infrequently, when permitted by her captor.

She spent most of her time in captivity listening to the radio, and reportedly was allowed to watch TV only in the last year of her ordeal. While the door was never locked, Sano did not take a step outside for nine years. She later told the police: "I was too scared to escape and eventually lost the energy to escape."

Satō's mother lived downstairs and apparently had no contact with her son's captive since he became very violent whenever she tried to go upstairs. However, police believe the mother must have had some knowledge of Sano's presence; for example, it was alleged that she purchased feminine hygiene products for the victim.

The mother of Nobuyuki Satō, then 73 years old, consulted the Kashiwazaki public health center in January 1996, because her son had been acting strangely and was violent to her. She called again on January 12, 2000, and again on January 19, requesting a visit to her home. Officials finally visited the home on Friday, January 28, 2000. Subsequently, Satō caused a disturbance that resulted in police being called to the scene. On this occasion, Sano, by then 19 years old, approached the officers and identified herself. She reportedly said:

I was abducted near the school by a man who forced me into a car. [...] For nine years, I did not take a step out of the house. Today, I went out for the first time.

Upon her rescue Sano was found to be healthy, although extremely thin and weak due to lack of exercise: she could barely walk. She was also dehydrated. Due to the lack of exposure to sunlight, she also had a very light skin tone and suffered from jaundice. While her body was that of a 19-year-old woman, mentally she acted like a child. She also suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder.

Soon after her release, Sano was reunited with her family. Her mother did not initially recognize her, since she had last seen her at age 9.

The local newspaper Echigo Times (越後タイムス) compared the incident to the Yotsuya ghost story, based on the address of Satō.

After the discovery and rescue of Sano, the police in Japan were heavily criticized. Satō was already known to police for inflicting violence against another girl on June 13, 1989, for which he was convicted on September 19, 1989. However, his name somehow disappeared from the list of criminals, and he was not considered a suspect in the abduction of Sano in 1990. At the time of Sano's rescue, Niigata Prefectural Police chief, Koji Kobayashi, did not show up to the police station to supervise the situation, but spent his evening playing mah-jong with the head of the Regional Police Bureaus. Due to this, and subsequent errors by the police, Kobayashi resigned on February 26, 2000, and the head of the Regional Police Bureaus resigned on February 29, 2000.

• Child abduction
• List of people who disappeared
• List of kidnappings