Gardner–Salinas_braille_codes

Gardner–Salinas braille codes

Tactile system for encoding mathematical and scientific notation

The Gardner–Salinas braille codes are a method of encoding mathematical and scientific notation linearly using braille cells for tactile reading by the visually impaired. The most common form of Gardner–Salinas braille is the 8-cell variety, commonly called GS8. There is also a corresponding 6-cell form called GS6.^[1]

The codes were developed as a replacement for Nemeth Braille by John A. Gardner, a physicist at Oregon State University, and Norberto Salinas, an Argentinian mathematician.

The Gardner–Salinas braille codes are an example of a compact human-readable markup language. The syntax is based on the LaTeX system for scientific typesetting.^{[citation needed]}

Table of Gardner–Salinas 8-dot (GS8) braille

The set of lower-case letters, the period, comma, semicolon, colon, exclamation mark, apostrophe, and opening and closing double quotes are the same as in Grade-2 English Braille.^[1]

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This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Gardner–Salinas_braille_codes, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[OSU-1] [1]
"Index of Topics in Braille Section". Oregon State University Science Access Project Braille topics. Archived from the original on 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-04-29.

[1]

Symbol	α	β	γ	δ	ε	ζ	η	θ	ι	κ	λ	μ
Braille
Symbol	ν	ξ	ο	π	ρ	σ	τ	υ	φ	χ	ψ	ω
Braille
Symbol	Γ	Δ	Θ	Λ	Ξ	Π	Σ	Υ	Φ	Ψ	Ω
Braille

Symbol	Parentheses		Brackets		single quote
Symbol	open	close	open	close	open	close	?
Braille

Symbol	"	$	&	@	\	^	_	`	{	}	~
Braille
Symbol	#	%	*	+	/	<	=	>	×	·	÷
Braille

Symbol	√	complex radicand *		displayed equation **		math expressions **		hyperlink **
Symbol	√	Open	Close	Open	Close	Open	Close	Open	Close
Braille

Symbol	Array
Symbol	Begin	End	End element	End line	vert. stack	horiz. combo	superposition
Braille

Gardner–Salinas_braille_codes

Gardner–Salinas braille codes

Table of Gardner–Salinas 8-dot (GS8) braille

Digits

Upper-case letters

Greek letters

Characters differing from English Braille

ASCII symbols and mathematical operators

Text symbols

Math and science symbols

Markup

Typeface indicators

Shape symbols

Set theory

References

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Symbol	Misc. Symbol *				Modifiers
Symbol	Begin	End	Quantity	Markup indicator	Inverted	Stroke/Not	Variant	Large
Braille