Previous postal services

In the first year of the colony, the harbourmaster was appointed to perform the postal services for the colony.^[1] A General Post Office was proclaimed in St Georges Terrace in 1835, and in 1841 a Postmaster General was appointed.^[1] The colonial Posts and Telegraph Department took over control of Perth's telegraph services in 1871, and telephone services in 1889.^[1] The Perth General Post Office was relocated to St Georges Terrace between 1887 and 1890, however by 1910 this accommodation was inadequate for the services provided.^[1] In 1900 there were 175 post offices across Western Australia, together with 160 telephone exchanges.^[2] The Commonwealth took over control of postal and telecommunication services at Federation in 1901.^[2]

Construction

On 28 November 1911, the Commonwealth Government bought 1.2 hectares (130,000 sq ft) of land across Wellington Street from the Perth railway station.^[3] This land stretched to Murray Street^[3] and featured an "unhealthy" shopping arcade named Central Arcade.^[4] The land was to be used as a Commonwealth Government precinct, allowing the Commonwealth departments to move out of the cramped Treasury Buildings at the corner of St Georges Terrace and Barrack Street, which it shared with the State Government.^[3][5] A proposal was made in 1912 for a 66-foot (20 m) wide street through the site featuring a new General Post Office building.^[5]

Principal Architect Hillson Beasley visited Melbourne, where he worked with Commonwealth Architect John Smith Murdoch to design the new General Post Office building.^[5] Architectural plans were drawn up and the construction contract with C. W. Arnott^[6] signed on 7 July 1914 at a cost of £232,700.^[5] These original plans provided for five storeys above ground level, in addition to a basement.^[5]

Construction commenced in mid-1914,^[4] and initially experienced a delay due to sandy soil on the site.^[7] The foundation stone was laid by Minister for Home Affairs W. O. Archibald on 8 October 1915.^[4] The subsequent outbreak of World War I led to a significant delay in the building's construction.^[7] The steel to be used in the construction became subject to an embargo by the British Government in 1916.^[8][9] An alternative supply was finally sourced from Broken Hill Proprietary in 1920.^[4] Construction was later delayed due to a six-month engineers' strike.^[4] The flooring and fittings were originally to be Australian blackwood, however Murdoch substituted jarrah which could be locally sourced.^[7]

William Hardwick succeeded Beasley as the Principal Architect in 1917 and oversaw the project from that point until its completion.^[9][10] Although the end date given in the construction contract was October 1917, the building was not nearing completion and this term in the contract was waived.^[7] Over the course of construction, the design of the building had been modified several times, largely in an effort to reduce costs.^[5] In 1921 it was resolved to add a further two storeys to the top of the building for use by other Commonwealth departments.^[7] These additional storeys were to be walled with brickwork, rather than the stone used to clad the rest of the building's facade.^[7] However, the side and rear walls of the building were also of brick, and so the brick attic storey "tied in" with these treatments.^[6]

The General Post Office was officially opened on 26 September 1923 after around nine years of protracted construction, at a total cost of £400,000.^[6][11]

The new street in front of the building was ceremonially opened on the same day, and named "Forrest Place" in honour of the late Sir John Forrest, Western Australia's first Premier.^[6][8] At its opening, the new General Post Office was Perth's largest building,^[4] and it has been said that its imposing design proclaimed "the might of the new Commonwealth".^[8]

Federal legislators now in Perth agree that the new G.P.O. rivals the Commonwealth Bank, of Sydney, as the most sumptuous and impressive Federal building in Australia.

— The West Australian, 26 September 1923, p. 10^[4]

Subsequent history

The Commonwealth precinct expanded with subsequent construction of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia building immediately south of the General Post Office.^[8] It was officially opened on 22 March 1933 by Sir Robert Gibson.^[6] It was designed in a similar style to the General Post Office by the architectural staff of the bank, and built by A. Douglas for a tender price of £207,000.^[6] The building featured cornice lines and columns of the same style as the General Post Office.^[12] Another similarly styled Commonwealth department was planned for the General Post Office's northern side;^[6] this was not constructed for many decades, and did not emulate the design of the General Post Office.

Forrest Place was closed to traffic in the late 1980s as part of the Forrest Chase development. The Padbury Buildings on the eastern side of Forrest Place, which had been constructed in 1925, were demolished,^[13] and the newly created pedestrian mall featured basement parking and loading docks for the General Post Office.^[14] The widening of Forrest Place has effectively created a town square dominated by the General Post Office building.

On 22 June 1992, the General Post Office was recognised for its heritage value by interim listing on the Western Australian Register of Heritage Places; it received a permanent entry on the Register on 16 October 1992.^[15]

Perth GPO is a fine example of monumental civic architecture. It is of architectural significance as a rare example in Australia of a large building in the Beaux-Arts style.

— Western Australian Register of Heritage Places – Statement of Significance^[15]

After decades serving as Perth's central post office, Australia Post vacated the building on 22 July 22, 2016.^[16] A franchise of clothing retailer H&M opened in its place in March 2017.^[17] Australia Post later reopened its central post office on 19 December 2016 at its new permanent location at Perth railway station.