Defence

Germany is a member of the NATO while Singapore remains as a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, both of which involve the United Kingdom as a leading member and ally. In 2015, the Singapore Army has undergone a major upgrade exercise of the armour arsenal that saw the Ministry of Defence procuring refurbished Leopard 2 tanks as the primary battle tank of armour-related operations since 2008.^[2][3][4] The Leopard 2 series eventually replaced all the aging French AMX-13 tanks in the 21st century, while bilateral military training exercises are held as recently as 2015 in the Bergen NATO Training Area of Germany.^[5]

Singapore and Germany signed a joint declaration of intent on cyber security cooperation on 6 July 2017. In accordance with declaration Singapore's Cyber Security Agency and Germany's Federal Foreign Office have regular information exchanges, and share best practices to promote innovation.^[6]

Trade and investment

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As of 2015, leaders of both Germany and Singapore met in Berlin and are still working on a free trade agreement between Singapore and the European Union.^[7][8]

State visits

German Chancellor Schmidt continued making informal state visits as recent as 2012 when he met with long-time friend, former Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew.^[1] On 2 November 2017, President Halimah Yacob hosted a state banquet when German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier visited Singapore.^[9]