Gil de Ferran (11 November 1967 – 29 December 2023) was a French-born Brazilian professional racing driver and team owner. De Ferran was the 2000 and 2001 Champ Car champion driving for Team Penske and the winner of the 2003 Indianapolis 500.^[1] He also finished runner-up in the American Le Mans Series LMP1 class in 2009, with his own de Ferran Motorsports.

Inspired by the success of fellow Brazilian Emerson Fittipaldi,^[2] de Ferran began his career in kart racing in the 1980s.^[3] He won the Formula Ford championship in Brazil in 1987, and started racing in the Formula Three class in 1991.^[4] Driving for Edenbridge Racing, de Ferran finished the 1991 British Formula Three season in third, only behind Rubens Barrichello and David Coulthard.^[4][5] For the 1992 season, de Ferran moved to Paul Stewart Racing and won the title, scoring seven wins in the process.^[5]

In 1993 and 1994, de Ferran drove for Paul Stewart Racing in the International Formula 3000.^[5] De Ferran finished fifth in the series in 1993 and then took the championship down to the wire in 1994, ultimately finishing third.^[6][7] In 1993, de Ferran tested for the Footwork Arrows Formula One team along with Dutch racer Jos Verstappen.^[8][9] His day was seriously compromised after he bumped his head while walking near the motorhome, with de Ferran recalling the incident as follows: "I was walking between two of the trucks, looking down thinking, this is not going so well. And I hit my head on a swing-up locker door on the side of the truck. Split my head open, blood everywhere, game over."^[9] His times also compared poorly to Verstappen's.^[8]

In 1994, de Ferran was invited to test a CART IndyCar by Hall/VDS Racing.^[10] Despite the worries of the team's sponsor Pennzoil that de Ferran was not a famous enough name for their car, the team was sufficiently impressed to offer de Ferran a drive for 1995.^[11] With no top-line Formula One drive available, de Ferran took up the offer to drive in the United States.^[12] After dominating the Cleveland CART PPG Indy Car World Series race he would be taken out while trying to lap Scott Pruett.^[13] He would score his first win in the last race of the year at Laguna Seca Raceway.^[14] After the win, De Ferran placed 14th in the 1995 PPG Indy Car World Series, and won the PPG Indy Car World Series Rookie Of The Year award.^[13][14]

In 1996, de Ferran was a consistent challenger but only scored one win, at Cleveland's Burke Lakefront Airport street circuit, avenging the previous season's loss at the same race.^[13][15] This win was also the last for veteran car owner and driver Jim Hall who retired from the sport at the end of 1996.^[16] Hall's retirement also spelled the end of the Jim Hall owned Pennzoil/VDS IndyCar team.^[5] Despite rumours that he would be a driver for the new Stewart Grand Prix Formula One team, de Ferran remained in the U.S. for 1997, joining Walker Racing.^[5] De Ferran finished 1997 as runner-up to Alex Zanardi with twelve top-ten finishes but failed to score a single victory.^[17][18] He looked on course to win the season opener at Homestead-Miami Speedway but was knocked out of the lead by Dennis Vitolo, who was a lap down from de Ferran.^[19] At the Grand Prix of Portland he lost out to PacWest Racing's Mark Blundell in the closest finish in CART history.^[20] The expected championship challenge never materialized in 1998. Unreliability, driver errors and the inferior performance of the Goodyear tires compared to the superior Firestone tires all combined to leave de Ferran 12th in the standings, again with no wins in the year.^[21][22]

In 1999, the long-awaited breakthrough finally came as de Ferran beat Juan Pablo Montoya at Portland International Raceway to take his first win since 1996 and the Walker Racing team's first since early 1995.^{[citation needed]} However, after that victory, both Goodyear and Valvoline left CART as major sponsors and suppliers.^[23][24] Toward the end of that season, de Ferran and Greg Moore were signed to Marlboro Team Penske to replace Al Unser Jr.^[25] However, Moore was killed in a crash during the season finale at California Speedway and de Ferran's fellow countryman Hélio Castroneves was announced as the replacement for Moore shortly afterwards.^[26]

On 28 October 2000, during CART qualifying at California Speedway in Fontana, de Ferran set both the track record and closed course record for fastest lap at 241.428 mph (388.541 km/h).^[27] As of December 2022, this stands as the fastest qualifying lap speed ever recorded at an official race meeting.^[28] He would follow the record speed by winning the series championship at Fontana on 30 October (The season finale started on 29 October but was forced to finish on 30 October due to rain).^[29]

With Team Penske, de Ferran won two CART titles and an Indy 500 victory.^[30] His analytical approach earned him comparisons with Penske's first driver, Mark Donohue.^[9] In 2003, de Ferran was injured during a race at Phoenix, suffering a broken back.^[31] Despite the injury, de Ferran passed his teammate, Castroneves with 31 laps left to win the 2003 Indianapolis 500.^[32] It also was the second 1–2 finish for Penske Racing in the Indianapolis 500.^[33][34]

Following his Indianapolis triumph de Ferran decided to retire at the end of 2003.^[35] He won his final race at Texas Motor Speedway,^[36] although the moment was soured by a crash during the race that left fellow Indy 500 winner and Rahal-Letterman Racing driver Kenny Bräck seriously injured.^[37] De Ferran would finish second in the championship standings, runner-up to Scott Dixon.^[36]

In 2005, he moved to the BAR-Honda Formula One team as their Sports Director.^[38] He resigned from this position in July 2007 after becoming "increasingly uncomfortable" with the team.^[39]

In July 2018, de Ferran was made sporting director for McLaren following Eric Boullier's resignation.^[40] He left the team in early 2021.^[41]

In May 2023, McLaren had brought back de Ferran in a consultant advisory role as part of their restructure process.^[42]

On 29 January 2008, de Ferran announced that he would return to the cockpit and field a factory-backed LMP2 class Acura ARX-01b prototype in the American Le Mans Series, under the team name de Ferran Motorsports.^[43] The team began competing around the mid-way point of the 2008 season, with de Ferran running the team and sharing driving duties with Simon Pagenaud.^[44]

In its debut season, de Ferran Motorsports took four front row grid positions, led six races and scored three podium finishes in just eight starts.^[45]

In 2009, de Ferran Motorsports was chosen by Honda to develop the Acura ARX-02a for competition in the LMP1 division of the American Le Mans Series.^[46][47] The team scored five outright wins, seven poles, and finished runners up in the ALMS LMP1 class.^[48][49]

In August 2009, de Ferran announced his retirement at the end of the racing season, expressing his intention to concentrate all his resources on expanding his team, making public his desire to return to IndyCar racing as a front running team owner.^[50][51] Prior to the start of the 2010 IZOD IndyCar season, de Ferran merged his team with Luczo Dragon Racing, a team started by Jay Penske, the son of de Ferran's former boss Roger Penske, and Steve Luczo, a successful technology leader and racing enthusiast.^[52] The new team was named de Ferran Dragon Racing and was the realization of de Ferran's ambition to return to IndyCar.^[53][54]

De Ferran Dragon Racing, with driver Raphael Matos, earned four Top Ten finishes in its debut campaign and finished seventeenth in the season finale at Homestead-Miami Speedway.^[9][55]

In 2010, IndyCar also began planning for a completely new car concept, to debut during the 2012 season.^[56] De Ferran was part of the ICONIC committee in the development of the future IndyCar.^[57]

In 2011 de Ferran Dragon racing closed its doors after lacking sponsorships, having attempted to stay operational for the new season.^[58]

In July 2013, Autosport magazine named de Ferran one of the 50 greatest drivers to have never raced in Formula One.^[59][11]

De Ferran was born on 11 November 1967 in Paris, France.^[60] He lived in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, with his English wife Angela (who worked for Paul Stewart Racing)^[61] and their two children.^[5]

De Ferran died on 29 December 2023, at age 56. He suffered a heart attack while driving at a private event with his son at The Concours Club in Opa-locka, Florida.^[30][62]