Glucose_1-phosphate

Glucose 1-phosphate

Glucose 1-phosphate

Chemical compound

Glucose 1-phosphate (also called Cori ester) is a glucose molecule with a phosphate group on the 1'-carbon. It can exist in either the α- or β-anomeric form.

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Reactions of α-glucose 1-phosphate

Catabolic

In glycogenolysis, it is the direct product of the reaction in which glycogen phosphorylase cleaves off a molecule of glucose from a greater glycogen structure. A deficiency of muscle glycogen phosphorylase is known as glycogen storage disease type V (McArdle Disease).

To be utilized in cellular catabolism it must first be converted to glucose 6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase in a free equilibrium.[1][2][3] One reason that cells form glucose 1-phosphate instead of glucose during glycogen breakdown is that the very polar phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell membrane and so is marked for intracellular catabolism. Phosphoglucomutase-1 deficiency is known as glycogen storage disease type 14 (GSD XIV).[4]

Anabolic

In glycogenesis, free glucose 1-phosphate can also react with UTP to form UDP-glucose,[5] by using the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. It can then return to the greater glycogen structure via glycogen synthase.[5]

β-Glucose 1-phosphate

β-Glucose 1-phosphate is found in some microbes. It is produced by inverting α-glucan phosphorylases including maltose phosphorylase, kojibiose phosphorylase and trehalose phosphorylase and is then converted into glucose 6-phosphate by β-phosphoglucomutase.

See also

References

  1. [1]
    Pelley, John W. (2012-01-01), Pelley, John W. (ed.), "8 - Gluconeogenesis and Glycogen Metabolism", Elsevier's Integrated Review Biochemistry (Second Edition), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 67–73, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-07446-9.00008-8, ISBN 978-0-323-07446-9, retrieved 2020-12-16
  2. [2]
    Isselbacher, Kurt J. (1965-01-01), Bergmeyer, Hans-Ulrich (ed.), "Galactose-1-phosphate Uridyl Transferase", Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Academic Press, pp. 863–866, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-395630-9.50153-5, ISBN 978-0-12-395630-9, retrieved 2020-12-16
  3. [3]
    Bergmeyer, Hans-Ulrich; Klotzsch, Helmut (1965-01-01), Bergmeyer, Hans-Ulrich (ed.), "d-Glucose-1-phosphate", Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Academic Press, pp. 131–133, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-395630-9.50024-4, ISBN 978-0-12-395630-9, retrieved 2020-12-16
  4. [4]
    Orphanet: Glycogen storage disease due to phosphoglucomutase deficiency
  5. [5]
    Blanco, Antonio; Blanco, Gustavo (2017-01-01), Blanco, Antonio; Blanco, Gustavo (eds.), "Chapter 19 - Integration and Regulation of Metabolism", Medical Biochemistry, Academic Press, pp. 425–445, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803550-4.00019-7, ISBN 978-0-12-803550-4, retrieved 2020-12-16
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