Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia (Russian: Пётр Никола́евич Рома́нов; 22 January [O.S. 10 January] 1864 – 17 June 1931) was a Russian Grand Duke and a member of the Russian Imperial Family.

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Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich
Born	(1864-01-22)22 January 1864 Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died	17 June 1931(1931-06-17) (aged 67) Antibes, France
Spouse	Princess Milica of Montenegro ​ ​ (m. 1889)​
Issue	Princess Marina Petrovna Prince Roman Petrovich Princess Nadezhda Petrovna Princess Sofia Petrovna
Names Peter Nikolaevich Romanov
House	Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
Father	Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia
Mother	Duchess Alexandra of Oldenburg

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Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich was the second son of Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaievich the Elder (1831–1891) and Duchess Alexandra of Oldenburg (1838–1900).

He was born in Saint Petersburg. As was the custom for Russian Grand Dukes (the title applied to all sons and grandsons of a Russian Emperor), the Grand Duke Peter served in the Russian army as a Lt.-General and Adjutant-General.

On 26 July 1889, he married Princess Milica of Montenegro (1866–1951), daughter of King Nicholas I of Montenegro (1841–1921). The Grand Duke and Duchess had four children:

• Princess Marina Petrovna of Russia (1892–1981)
• Prince Roman Petrovich of Russia (1896–1978)
• Princess Nadezhda Petrovna of Russia (1898–1988)
• Princess Sofia Petrovna of Russia (3 March 1898 – 3 March 1898); buried in the convent cemetery in Kiev by her grandmother, Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna, who was a nun there

In 1907, his elder brother, Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich, married Grand Duchess Militza's sister, Princess Anastasia of Montenegro, known as Stana. The two couples were socially very influential at the Russian Imperial Court in the early 20th century. The Grand Duke joined a cult nick-named "the black peril", a group interested in the occult. They are credited with introducing first a charlatan mystic named merely Philippe, and then, with graver consequences, Grigori Rasputin (1869–1916) to the Imperial family. Prince Felix Yussupov (1887–1967) – who was their neighbour in Koreiz – once described Znamenka, the Grand Duke and Duchess's palace, as "the central point of the powers of evil". This was later to be a widely held belief within the higher echelons of the divided Russian court. The Dowager Empress Marie firmly believed that the couple plotted with Rasputin and others to gain influence and favours through the neurotic Empress Alexandra (1872–1918). However, by 1914, Alexandra herself referred to them as "the black family" and felt herself to be manipulated by them.

The Grand Duke received several Russian and foreign decorations:^[1]

Russian

• Knight of St. Andrew, 1864
• Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, 1864
• Knight of St. Anna, Knight 1st Class, 1864
• Knight of the White Eagle, 1864
• Knight of St. Stanislaus, 1st Class, 11 June 1865
• Knight of St. Vladimir, 4th Class, 1887; 3rd Class, 1901; 2nd Class, 1911

Foreign

• Grand Duchy of Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, 12 July 1880
•  Grand Duchy of Hesse: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 15 June 1884^[2]
• Kingdom of Prussia: Knight of the Black Eagle, 16 September 1884^[3]
• Grand Duchy of Baden:^[4]
  • Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1885
  • Knight of the Order of Berthold the First, 1885
•  France: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, 4 March 1896^[5]
•  Kingdom of Italy: Knight of the Most Holy Annunciation, 9 August 1900^[6] - during a visit to Russia of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy^[7]
•  Kingdom of Montenegro: Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Danilo I^[8]

The couple escaped the Russian Revolution to the south of France. Here Grand Duke Peter Nicholaievich died at Cap d'Antibes, near Antibes on 17 June 1931. His wife died in Alexandria, Egypt, in September 1951.